Editing Academic degree (section)

=== Degrees awarded by institutions other than universities ===
In the past, degrees have been directly issued by the authority of the monarch or by a bishop, rather than any educational institution. This practice has mostly died out. In [[Great Britain]], [[Lambeth degree]]s are still awarded by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lambeth Degrees|url=http://www.facultyoffice.org.uk/lambeth-degrees/|website=Facultyoffice.org.uk|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref> The Archbishop of Canterbury's right to grant degrees is derived from the [[Peter's Pence Act 1533]], which empowered the Archbishop to grant dispensations previously granted by the Pope.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archbishop of Canterbury awards Lambeth Degrees |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2008/080604b.html |website=Ox.ac.uk |date=4 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714202354/http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2008/080604b.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref>

Among educational institutions, [[St David's College, Lampeter]], was granted limited degree awarding powers by [[royal charter]] in the nineteenth century, despite not being a university. The [[University College of North Staffordshire]] was also granted degree awarding powers on its foundation in 1949, despite not becoming a university (as the [[University of Keele]]) until 1962. Following the [[Education Reform Act 1988]], many educational institutions other than universities have been granted degree-awarding powers, including higher education colleges and colleges of the [[University of London]], many of which are now effectively universities in their own right.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/recognised-uk-degrees|title=Recognised UK degrees|date=11 December 2012|publisher=[[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]]|access-date=3 August 2016}}</ref>