Editing 2003 (section)

== Culture ==

=== Art and architecture ===
The most widely publicized art exhibition in 2003 was the 50th [[Venice Biennale]].<ref name=":52" />{{Rp|page=157}} The most popular exhibitions were for [[Leonardo da Vinci]] and [[Thomas Struth]], both held at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] where they attracted thousands of visitors each day.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=525}} The "Rembrandt's Journey" collected various [[Rembrandt]] works, including etchings and drawings, at the [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]].<ref name=":52" />{{Rp|page=159}} The ''[[7000 Years of Persian Art]]'' tour took place as a rare international collaboration from the [[National Museum of Iran]].<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=525}} [[Descent into Limbo (Mantegna)|''Descent into Limbo'']] by [[Andrea Mantegna]] was the most prominent [[Old Master]] artwork to be sold in 2003, going for US$28.6 million.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=526}} [[Street photography]] made a return in the art community, and the [[International Center of Photography]] held an exhibition on the subject.<ref name=":52" />{{Rp|page=160}}

The [[Amber Room]] of [[Catherine Palace]], which existed from 1717 to 1945, finished reconstruction in 2003. The [[Albertina]] art museum in Vienna reopened, and the [[Asian Civilisations Museum]] was established in Singapore.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=525}} The government of the Netherlands began returning items from its collection of works it acquired from [[Nazi Germany]], the [[Nederlands Kunstbezit-collectie]].<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=526}}

Plans to replace the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] remained a focus of the architecture world in 2003. Architects [[David Childs]] and [[Daniel Libeskind]] were placed in charge of the project. An inquiry was opened into the ongoing construction of the [[Scottish Parliament Building]] when its expected cost increased tenfold.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=527}} The [[Walt Disney Concert Hall]] opened in Los Angeles to positive reception after sixteen years of development.<ref name=":52" />{{Rp|page=153}} [[The Gherkin]] finished construction in London and the [[Silodam]] housing complex opened in Amsterdam.<ref name=":52" />{{Rp|page=154}} Construction of the new [[Olympic Stadium of Athens]] went slower than expected, causing concern that Athens would not be ready to host the [[2004 Summer Olympics]].<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=528}}

Museums and libraries were looted during riots in [[Baghdad]] following the invasion of Iraq.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=2}} About 10,000 items were taken from the [[Iraq Museum]], though many were returned by the end of the year, and several items were taken from the [[Mosul Museum]]. The [[Iraq National Library and Archive]] was burned down, destroying 500,000 books and 12 million Ottoman documents. The lost treasure of [[Tillya Tepe]] was found in Saddam Hussein's position.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=524}}

=== Media ===
{{Main|2003 in film|2003 in music|2003 in video games}}

The highest-grossing films globally in 2003 were ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'', ''[[Finding Nemo]]'', and ''[[The Matrix Reloaded]]''. The highest-grossing non-English film was ''[[Bayside Shakedown 2]]'' (Japanese), the 39th highest-grossing film of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2003 Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2003/ |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-date=November 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113213708/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2003/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Critically acclaimed films from 2003 include ''Finding Nemo'',<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |title=Best 10 Movies of 2003 {{!}} Roger Ebert {{!}} Roger Ebert |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/roger-ebert/best-10-movies-of-2003 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=rogerebert.com |date=December 19, 2012 |language=en |archive-date=October 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014060452/https://www.rogerebert.com/roger-ebert/best-10-movies-of-2003 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Scott |first=A. O. |date=2003-12-28 |title=FILM: THE HIGHS; The Movies of the Year |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/28/movies/film-the-highs-the-movies-of-the-year-687170.html |access-date=2023-10-12 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014060451/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/28/movies/film-the-highs-the-movies-of-the-year-687170.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=The 21st Century's 100 greatest films |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=BBC |date=August 23, 2016 |language=en |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817230650/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=French |first=Philip |date=2003-12-28 |title=Ring in the new |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/dec/28/2003inreview.features |access-date=2023-10-12 |issn=0029-7712 |archive-date=October 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014060452/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/dec/28/2003inreview.features |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]'',<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2004-01-14 |title=The Year In Film: 2003 |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-year-in-film-2003-1798208331 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=The A.V. Club |language=en |archive-date=October 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014060451/https://www.avclub.com/the-year-in-film-2003-1798208331 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World|''Master and Commander'']].<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" />

Music sales in 2003 amounted to about 2.7 billion units, a decline of 6.5% from 2002. [[DVD]] music video thrived in 2003 at the expense of singles and [[Cassette tape|cassettes]].<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/worldsales2003.pdf |title=The Recording Industry World Sales |date=2004 |publisher=[[IFPI]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731044902/http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/worldsales2003.pdf |archive-date=2012-07-31}}</ref> CD sales overall saw a large decline in favor of internet downloads.<ref name=":52" />{{Rp|page=162}} Globally, the best-selling albums of the year were ''[[Come Away with Me]]'' by [[Norah Jones]], ''[[Get Rich or Die Tryin']]'' by [[50 Cent]], and [[Meteora (album)|''Meteora'']] by [[Linkin Park]]. No non-English albums were among the global top fifty albums sold in 2003.<ref name="ifpi">{{Cite web |title=2000-2005 Top 50 Albums [XLS] |url=https://www.ifpi.org/content/library/top-5-albums-2000-2005.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323114337/http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/top-5-albums-2000-2005.xls |archive-date=2012-03-23 |website=[[IFPI]]}}</ref>

When decentralized [[peer-to-peer file sharing]] replaced the centralized platform [[Napster]] as a means to [[Music piracy|pirate music]], the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] began directing legal action against individual users who uploaded pirated songs rather than the platforms themselves, filing a total of 382 lawsuits.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=483}} The [[iTunes Store]] launched on April 28 and was immediately successful, selling over 10 million songs over the next four months.<ref name=":15" />{{Rp|page=87}} This was touted as a possible solution to music piracy.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=483}}

The [[GameCube]], [[PlayStation 2]], and [[Xbox]] remained the most popular video game consoles, although the GameCube faced poor sales. [[Nokia]] introduced the [[N-Gage]], which functioned as both a phone and a [[handheld game console]].<ref name=":52" />{{Rp|page=168}}

The popularity of the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' franchise meant that the publication of ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' was the largest literary event in 2003, with the book itself becoming one of the longest children's books ever published at 768 pages.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=529}}

Composer [[Sergei Prokofiev]] was honored in many performances throughout the world for the 50th anniversary of his death.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=507}} Ballet dancer [[Rudolf Nureyev]] was similarly honored in Europe for the 10th anniversary of his death.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=510}} The opera industry was negatively affected by a decline in tourism and other economic factors in Europe and North America, and many productions were canceled.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=505}}

Through the internet, [[flash mobs]] developed as a social trend in 2003.<ref name=":52" />{{Rp|page=168}}

=== Sports ===
{{Main|2003 in sports}}
The [[England national rugby union team]] won the [[2003 Rugby World Cup]], making them the first [[Northern Hemisphere]] team to do so.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=534}} Australia won the [[2003 Cricket World Cup]], coming out victorious in every match they played, while Kenya had upset victories that took them to the semi-finals.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=535}} In tennis, players [[Roger Federer]], [[Andy Roddick]], and [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]] won their first [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slams]] in 2003,<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=2003 World Sports Highlights |url=https://www.topendsports.com/world/timeline/2003.htm |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Top End Sports |archive-date=October 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014060453/https://www.topendsports.com/world/timeline/2003.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=538}} while [[Martina Navratilova]] tied with the record of twenty [[Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] titles set by [[Billie Jean King]].<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=539}} [[Lennox Lewis]] successfully [[Lennox Lewis vs. Vitali Klitschko|defended his status]] as the [[heavyweight boxing champion]] against [[Vitali Klitschko]].<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=540}}

The transfer of footballer [[David Beckham]] from [[Manchester United F.C.]] to [[Real Madrid CF]] for £17.25 million was widely publicized. The [[UEFA Euro 2004]] qualifications took place in 2003, where Turkey's defeat in a game against Latvia came as an upset after Turkey had been semi-finalists in the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]].<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=533}} Other major upsets took place in golf when [[Ben Curtis (golfer)|Ben Curtis]] defeated some of the sport's top players in his first major competition at the [[2003 Open Championship]],<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=539}} and in [[Major League Baseball]] when the [[Florida Marlins]] defeated the [[New York Yankees]] in the [[2003 World Series]].<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=541}}

The [[2003 World Championships in Athletics]] saw [[Hicham El Guerrouj]] become the fourth man to win four successive world track titles and [[Carolina Klüft]] become the first woman in seven years to score more than 7,000 points in the [[heptathlon]]. Athletics was plagued with the discovery of [[Tetrahydrogestrinone|THG]] steroids, which the United States accused the [[Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative]] of providing to athletes.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=537}} [[Michael Schumacher]] remained the dominant driver in the [[2003 Formula One World Championship]], winning 11 of 17 races and claiming his sixth championship.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=539}} [[Lance Armstrong]] won the [[2003 Tour de France]], giving him his fifth victory.<ref name=":162" />{{Rp|page=540}}