Editing 1930s (section)

====Germany – Rise of Nazism====
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Hitlermusso2 edit.jpg|thumb|upright|right|German dictator [[Adolf Hitler]] (right) and Italian dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] (left) pursue agendas of territorial expansion for their countries in the 1930s, eventually leading to the outbreak of [[World War II]] in 1939]] -->
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-14468, Berlin, NS-Boykott gegen jüdische Geschäfte.jpg|thumb|[[Sturmabteilung|SA]] paramilitaries outside a Berlin store during the [[Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses]], 1933]]
* The [[Nazi Party|NSDAP]] (Nazi Party) under [[Adolf Hitler]] wins the [[German federal election, March 1933]]. Hitler becomes [[List of Chancellors of Germany|Chancellor of Germany]]. [[Night of the Long Knives]] with 85 victims, Following the 1934 death in office of [[Paul von Hindenburg]], [[List of German presidents since 1919|President of Germany]], Hitler's cabinet passes a law proclaiming the presidency vacant and transferring the role and powers of the head of state to Hitler, hereafter known as ''[[Führer|Führer und Reichskanzler]]'' (leader and chancellor). The [[Weimar Republic]] effectively gives way to [[Nazi Germany]], a [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] [[Autocracy|autocratic]] [[Nazism|national socialist]] [[dictatorship]] committed to repudiating the [[Treaty of Versailles]], persecuting and removing [[Jews]] and other minorities from German society, expanding Germany's territory, and opposing the spread of [[communism]].
* Hitler pulls Germany out of the League of Nations, but hosts the [[1936 Summer Olympics]] to show his new Reich to the world as well as the supposed superior athleticism of his [[Aryan race|Aryan]] troops/athletes.
* [[Neville Chamberlain]], [[List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (1937–1940), attempts the [[appeasement]] of Hitler in hope of avoiding war by allowing the dictator to annex the [[Sudetenland]] (the German-speaking regions of [[Czechoslovakia]]) and later signing the [[Munich Agreement]] and promising constituents "[[Peace for our time]]". He is ousted in favor of [[Winston Churchill]] in May 1940, following the German [[Operation Weserübung|invasion of Norway]].<ref>Hunt, Lynn. "The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures" Vol. C since 1740.Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009.</ref>
* The assassination of the German diplomat [[Ernst vom Rath]] by a German-born Polish Jew triggers the ''[[Kristallnacht]]'' ("Night of Broken Glass") which occurred between 9 and 10 November 1938, carried out by the [[Hitler Youth]], the [[Gestapo]], and the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], during which much of the Jewish population living in Nazi Germany and Austria was attacked – 91 Jews were murdered, and between 25,000 and 30,000 more were arrested and sent to [[Nazi concentration camps]]. Some 267 synagogues were destroyed, and thousands of homes and businesses were ransacked. ''Kristallnacht'' also served as the pretext for the wholesale confiscation of firearms from German Jews.[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H12943, Münchener Abkommen, Hitler und Mussolini.jpg|thumb|Cheering crowds greet [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Benito Mussolini]] in Munich, 1938]]
* Germany and Italy pursue territorial expansionist agendas. Germany demands the annexation of the [[Federal State of Austria]] and of other German-speaking territories in Europe. Between 1935 and 1936, Germany recovers the [[Saar (League of Nations)|Saar]] and re-militarizes the [[Rhineland]]. Italy initially opposes Germany's aims for Austria, but in 1936 the two countries resolve their differences in the aftermath of Italy's diplomatic isolation following the start of the [[Second Italo-Abyssinian War]], and Germany becomes Italy's only remaining ally. Germany and Italy improve relations by forming an alliance against communism in 1936 with the signing of the [[Anti-Comintern Pact]]. Germany annexes Austria in the [[Anschluss]]; the annexation of the [[Sudetenland]] follows negotiations which result in the [[Munich Agreement]] of 1938. The [[Italian invasion of Albania]] in 1939 succeeds in turning the [[Albania under Italy|Kingdom of Albania]] into an Italian [[protectorate]]. The vacant Albanian throne is claimed by [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]].<ref name="isbn0-8240-7029-1">{{cite book|author=Zabecki, David T.|title=World War II in Europe: an encyclopedia|publisher=Garland Pub|location=New York|year=1999|pages=1353|isbn=0-8240-7029-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYDN-UfehEEC&q=albania+%22Italian+protectorate%22&pg=PA1353|access-date=12 January 2011 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222063745/https://books.google.com/books?id=gYDN-UfehEEC&pg=PA1353|archive-date=22 December 2016}}</ref> Germany receives the [[Klaipėda Region|Memel]] territory from [[Lithuania]], occupies what remains of [[Czechoslovakia]], and finally invades the [[Second Polish Republic]], the last of these events resulting in the outbreak of [[World War II]].
* In 1939, several countries of the Americas, including Canada, [[Cuba]], and the United States, controversially deny asylum to hundreds of German Jewish refugees on board the [[MS St. Louis|MS ''St. Louis'']] who are fleeing the Nazi regime's racist agenda of [[anti-Semitic]] persecution in Germany. In the end, no country accepts the refugees, and the ship returns to Germany with most of its passengers on board. Some commit suicide, rather than return to [[Nazi Germany]].