Editing 1870 (section)

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 2]] &ndash; A [[Referendum|plebiscite]] held in Rome supports, by 133,681 votes to 1,507, the annexation of the city by Italy.
* [[October 6]] &ndash; Rome becomes the capital of [[Italian unification|unified Italy]].
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Léon Gambetta]] escapes besieged Paris in a [[hot-air balloon]].
* [[October 20]]
** The [[First Vatican Council]] adjourns.
** A [[1870 Charlevoix earthquake|6.6 earthquake]] shakes the Canadian province of [[Quebec]], killing 6 people.<ref name="anss">{{cite anss|M 6.6 - Near Baie-Saint-Paul, Quebec, Canada|1870| ott18701020163000000}}</ref>
* [[October 26]] &ndash; The Chinese leaders of June's [[Tianjin Massacre]] of foreigners are executed by China's Imperial government.<ref name=Putnam/>
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: [[Siege of Metz (1870)|Siege of Metz]] &ndash; Marshal [[François Achille Bazaine]], commanding the French left wing, is forced by starvation to surrender the [[fortifications of Metz]].
* [[November 1]] &ndash; In the United States, the newly created Weather Bureau (later renamed the [[National Weather Service]]) makes its first official [[Meteorology|meteorological]] forecast: "High winds at Chicago and Milwaukee... and along the Lakes".
* [[November 16]] &ndash; The Spanish [[Cortes Generales]] proclaims Amadeo de Saboya as King [[Amadeo I of Spain]].
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Joseph H. Rainey]] of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman (following Hiram Rhodes Revels in February).
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Juan Prim]], prime minister of Spain, is shot by unknown assassins on leaving the Cortes, dying two days later.
* [[December 31]]
** [[Henry Barkly|Sir Henry Barkly]] is appointed [[Cape Colony#Governors of the Cape of Good Hope (1797–1910)|Governor of the Cape of Good Hope]] and [[High Commissioner for Southern Africa]].
** The {{convert|12.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[Fréjus Rail Tunnel]] through the [[Alps]] is completed.