Editing 1849 (section)

=== October–December ===
* [[October 4]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: [[Komárom]], the last bastion of the Hungarian Revolution, surrenders to the Austrian forces.
* [[October 6]] – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]: [[The 13 Martyrs of Arad]] are executed after the Hungarian War of Independence, in repression by the Austrian authorities led by [[Julius Jacob von Haynau]] (these martyrs being the generals of the Hungarian revolutionary army, who did not flee from Hungary after the suppression of the Hungarian revolution by the Russo-Austrian forces). Also today, [[Lajos Batthyány]], the first Hungarian [[List of Prime Ministers of Hungary|prime minister]], is executed by Austrian authorities in [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]].
* [[November]] – [[Austin College]] receives a charter in [[Huntsville, Texas]].
* [[November 13]]
** The [[Constitution of California]] is ratified in a general election.
** Swiss-born [[Marie Manning (murderer)|Marie Manning]] and her husband Frederick are publicly hanged for the murder of her lover in London, before a crowd of 30,000-50,000.
* [[November 16]] – A Russian court sentences [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group, the [[Petrashevsky Circle]]. Facing a firing squad on [[December 23]], the group members are reprieved at the last moment, and exiled to the [[katorga]] prison camps in [[Siberia]].
* [[December 3]]
** German missionaries [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] and [[Johannes Rebmann]] become the first Europeans to see [[Mount Kenya]].<ref>J. W. Gregory, ''The Great Rift Valley: Being the Narrative of a Journey to Mount Kenya and Lake Baringo with Some Account of the Geology, Natural History, Anthropology and Future Prospects of British East Africa'' (Frank Cass and Company, 1896) (reprinted 1968) p182</ref>
** The ''Abgeordnetenhaus'', lower house of the parliament of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], passes a bill granting German Jews the same legal rights as German Christians.<ref>James F. Harris, ''The People Speak!: Anti-Semitism and Emancipation in Nineteenth-century Bavaria'' (University of Michigan Press, 1994) p159</ref> The measure draws a strong reaction from Christians across Bavaria, who sign petitions urging the upper house to prevent the equal rights measure from becoming law.<ref>Helmut Walser Smith, ''The Continuities of German History: Nation, Religion, and Race across the Long Nineteenth Century'' (Cambridge University Press, 2008) p133</ref>
* [[December 22]] – After 17 days of deadlock and 63 votes, Democrat [[Howell Cobb]] of Georgia is elected [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]], by a plurality of 102 votes to 99 for the former Speaker, the Whig Party's [[Robert C. Winthrop]] of Massachusetts. Neither the Democrats nor the Whigs have a majority of the 230 seats in the House, and after neither candidate can obtain the required 116 votes, the Representatives agree that the plurality will decide the leadership.<ref>Holman Hamilton, ''Prologue to Conflict: The Crisis and Compromise of 1850'' (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p42</ref>