Editing 1848 (section)

=== October–December ===
* [[October 2]] – The National Defence Committee (''Országos Honvédelmi Bizottmány''), led by [[Lajos Kossuth]], becomes the executive power in Hungary, after the resignation of the [[Lajos Batthyány]] government.
* [[October 3]] – General Anton Puchner, commander of the Austrian armies of [[Transylvania]], declares insurrection against Hungary, and, together with [[Karl von Urban]] in the north and the [[Romania]]n insurgents led by [[Avram Iancu]], attacks and chases away the Hungarian armed forces occupying Transylvania. 
* [[October 18]] – [[Elizabeth Gaskell]]'s first novel, ''[[Mary Barton]]: A Tale of Manchester Life'', is published anonymously in London.
* [[October 24]] – [[Romanians|Romanian]] bands massacre 640 Hungarian civilians at the town of [[Zlatna]], [[Transylvania]].<ref name="MagyarNemzet">Magyar Nemzet: [http://www.mno.hu/portal/611317 Fejőszék Százhatvan éve irtották ki Nagyenyedet a román felkelők.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201155506/http://www.mno.hu/portal/611317 |date=February 1, 2011 }}</ref> The massacre [[1848–1849 massacres in Transylvania|continues into 1849]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hermann|editor= Ildikó Laszák |first1=Róbert |title=Etnikai polgárháború Erdélyben 1848-1849-ben|trans-title=Ethnic civil war in Transylvania in 1848-1849|lang=hu |url=http://konfliktuskutato.hu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=154:etnikai-polgarhaboru-erdelyben-1848-1849-ben-&catid=15:tanulmanyok |access-date=17 August 2024 |publisher=Társadalmi Konfliktusok Kutatóközpont |date=n.d.}}</ref><ref name="Pallas Akadémia Könyvkiadó 2010. p. 517">Egyed Ákos: Erdély 1848–1849 (Transylvania in 1848–1849). Pallas Akadémia Könyvkiadó, Csíkszereda 2010. p. 517 (Hungarian)"Végeredményben úgy látjuk, hogy a háborúskodások során és a polgárháborúban Erdély polgári népességéből körülbelül 14 000–15 000 személy pusztulhatott el; nemzetiségük szerint: mintegy 7500–8500 magyar, 4400–6000 román, s körülbelül 500 lehetett a szász, zsidó, örmény lakosság vesztesége."</ref>
* [[October 28]] – In [[Catalonia]], Spain, the [[Barcelona]]–[[Mataró]] railroad route (the first to be constructed in the [[Iberian Peninsula]]) is inaugurated.
* [[October 30]] – [[Battle of Schwechat]]: Hungarian forces which crossed the Austrian border, in order to unite with the Viennese revolutionaries, are defeated by the imperial army, led by [[Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz]] and [[Josip Jelačić]].
* [[October 31]] – [[Vienna]] is occupied by the imperial forces led by [[Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz]], who crushes the [[revolution]] here.
* [[November 1]] – In [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], the first [[medical school]] for women, the Boston Female Medical School (which later merges with [[Boston University School of Medicine]]), opens.
* [[November 3]] – A new [[Constitution of the Netherlands]] (drafted by [[Johan Rudolph Thorbecke]]), severely limiting the power of the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|monarchy]] and introducing [[representative democracy]], is proclaimed.
* [[November 4]] – France ratifies a new constitution. The [[French Second Republic]] is set up, ending the state of temporary government.
* [[November 7]] – [[1848 United States presidential election]]: [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] [[Zachary Taylor]] of [[Louisiana]] defeats [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Lewis Cass]] of [[Michigan]], in the first [[United States presidential election|U.S. presidential election]] held in every state on the same day.
* [[November 13]] – At the [[Battle of Gherla]], the Austrian commander [[Karl von Urban]] wins a victory with his force of 3.000 against the 12.000-strong Hungarian Revolutionary Army led by [[Manó Baldacci]], the Hungarian commander-in-chief in Transylvania.
* [[November 17]] – [[Karl von Urban]] liberates [[Cluj-Napoca|Klausenburg (Cluj-Napoca/Kolozsvár)]], the capital of the Principality of Transylvania, during the Hungarian Revolutionary War.
* [[November 24]] 
** [[Pope Pius IX]] flees Rome in disguise for [[Naples]].
** At the [[Second Battle of Dej|Battle of Des]], [[Karl von Urban]], with 1.500 men, defeates a Hungarian army of 10.000 led by [[Katona Miklós]].
* [[December 2]] – Emperor [[Ferdinand I of Austria]] abdicates in favor of his nephew, [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph]], who will serve as [[Emperor of Austria]] and [[King of Hungary]] and [[List of Bohemian monarchs|Bohemia]], until his death in [[1916]].
* [[December 6]] – The Austrian imperial army, led by [[Franz Schlik]], attacks Hungary.
* [[December 10]] – Prince [[Napoleon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]] is elected first president of the [[French Second Republic]].
* [[December 16]] – The main Austrian imperial forces, led by [[Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz]], cross the Hungarian border.
* [[December 18]] – [[Punta Arenas]], the first major settlement in the [[Strait of Magellan]], is founded.
* [[December 20]]
** President [[Napoleon III]] takes his [[oath of office]] in front of the [[French National Assembly]].
** [[Slavery]] is abolished in [[Réunion]] (this day is celebrated every year from [[1981]]).
* [[December 25]] – Hungarian forces, led by [[Józef Bem]], enter [[Kolozsvár]] (Cluj), after defeating the Austrian armies in northern [[Transylvania]].
* [[December 30]] – [[Battle of Mór]]: The imperial army, led by [[Josip Jelačić]], defeats the Hungarian army, led by [[Mór Perczel]].