Editing 1843 (section)

=== October–December ===
* [[October 3]] – [[Elling Eielsen]] is ordained as the first Norwegian Lutheran minister in the United States.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=H3NBAAAAYAAJ&dq=%221843%2C+and+was+the+first+Norw.+Luth.+minister+in%22&pg=PA345 p. 345] of the Lutheran Cyclopedia</ref>
* [[October 16]]
** [[Søren Kierkegaard]]'s philosophical book ''[[Fear and Trembling]]'' is first published, in Denmark.
** Irish mathematician [[William Rowan Hamilton]] discovers the calculus of [[quaternion]]s and deduces that they are [[Commutative property|non-commutative]].<ref>{{cite web|title=William Rowan Hamilton Plaque|url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/347941|work=Geograph|year=2007|access-date=2011-03-08}}</ref>
* [[October 30]] – [[Fuerte Bulnes]], the first Chilean settlement in the [[strait of Magellan]], is founded. 
* [[November 17]] – The city of [[Shanghai]] opens for trade with foreigners for the first time, welcoming a party of traders from the United Kingdom.<ref>Wen-Hsin Yeh, ''The Alienated Academy: Culture and Politics in Republican China, 1919-1937'' (Harvard University Asia Center, 2000) p51</ref><ref>Edward Denison and Guang Yu Ren, ''Building Shanghai: The Story of China's Gateway'' (John Wiley & Sons, 2013)</ref>
* [[November 25]] – [[Mount Etna]] erupts in [[Italy]], and kills 69 people in the village of [[Bronte, Sicily|Bronte]].<ref>George Dennis, ''A Handbook for Travellers in Sicily: Including Palermo, Messina, Catania, Syracuse, Etna, and the Ruins of the Greek Temples'' (John Murray Publishers, 1864) p429</ref><ref>Jan Kozák and Vladimir Cermák, ''The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters'' (Springer, 2010) p55</ref>
* [[November 28]] – Hawaii is recognized as an independent nation by the United Kingdom and France. The holiday is celebrated annually as [[La Ku'oko'a]] (Independence Day).
* [[December 9]] – [[Bishop's University]] is founded as Bishop's College by Bishop [[George Jehoshaphat Mountain]] in [[Lennoxville, Quebec]], for the education of members of the [[Church of England]].
* [[December 13]] – [[Basutoland]] becomes a British protectorate.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=266–267|isbn=978-0-7126-5616-0}}</ref>
* [[December 19]] – [[Charles Dickens]]'s novella ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'' is first published in London, England. Released on [[December 19]], it sells out by Christmas Eve.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dickens|first=Charles|editor=Douglas-Fairhurst, Robert|year=2006|title=A Christmas Carol and other Christmas Books|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=Oxford world's classics|isbn=978-0-19-280694-9}}</ref>
* [[December 21]] – The first total solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 139|Saros 139]] occurs over southern Asia.
* [[December]] – The world's first [[Christmas card]]s, commissioned by Sir [[Henry Cole (inventor)|Henry Cole]] in London from the artist [[John Callcott Horsley]], are sent.<ref>{{cite journal|first=György|last=Buday|year=1992|title=The history of the Christmas card|page=8|journal=Omnigraphics}}</ref>