Editing 1837 (section)

=== October–December ===
* [[October 13]] – The French army under [[Sylvain Charles Valée]] [[Siege of Constantine|captures the city of ]] [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] in [[French Algeria]] after a siege of three days.
* [[October 30]] – The [[Tsarskoye Selo Railway]], the first in the [[Russian Empire]], opens between [[Saint Petersburg]] [[Vitebsky railway station|Tsarskoselsky station]] and [[Tsarskoye Selo|Zarskoje Selo]] (modern-day [[Pushkin, Saint Petersburg|Pushkin]]), engineered by [[Franz Anton von Gerstner]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Haywood, Richard Mowbray|title=The beginnings of railway development in Russia in the reign of Nicholas I, 1835–1842|url=https://archive.org/details/beginningsofrail0000hayw|url-access=registration|year=1969|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham, N.C.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Gamst|first=Frederick|year=1990|title=Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner, Student of America's Pioneering Railroads|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43521426|journal=Railroad History|issue=163|pages=13–27|jstor=43521426|access-date=2020-11-15|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101215245/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43521426|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[October 31]] – In what will become the world's leading [[Consumer goods|consumer goods brand]], [[Procter & Gamble]] is founded in [[Ohio]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf|title=A Company History1837 - Today|access-date=July 21, 2020|archive-date=July 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724101913/https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[November 6]] [[Louis-Joseph Papineau]] begins the [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] in the [[Quebec]] city of [[Montreal]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Brève histoire des patriotes|last=Laporte|first=Gilles|year=2015 |isbn=978-2-89448-817-1|location=Québec (Québec)|oclc=909317079}}</ref>
* [[November 7]] – American abolitionist and newspaper editor [[Elijah Lovejoy]] is killed by a pro-[[slavery]] mob, at his warehouse in [[Alton, Illinois]].
* [[November 8]] – Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later [[Mount Holyoke College]], is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
* [[November 17]] – [[1837 Valdivia earthquake|An earthquake in Valdivia]], south-central Chile, causes tsunamis that led to significant destruction along Japan's coast.<ref name=Cisternasetal2018>{{cite journal |last1=Cisternas |first1=M. |last2=Carvajal |first2=M. |last3=Wesson |first3=R. |last4=Ely |first4=L. L. |last5=Gorigoitia |first5=N. |date=2018 |title=Exploring the Historical Earthquakes Preceding the Giant 1960 Chile Earthquake in a Time-Dependent Seismogenic Zone |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=2664–2675 |doi=10.1785/0120170103 |url=https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=cotsfac |access-date=August 28, 2020 |archive-date=November 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103191747/https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=cotsfac |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 4]] – [[Samuel Lount]] begins the [[Upper Canada Rebellion]] by marching with rebel followers to [[Toronto]], one month after a similar rebellion against British rule had begun in [[Lower Canada]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kilbourn |first=William |author-link=William Kilbourn |title=The Firebrand: William Lyon Mackenzie and the Rebellion in Upper Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McMvWY0aJLsC|access-date=September 3, 2020|year=2008 |publisher=Dundurn |location=Toronto |page=199-200 |isbn=978-1-77-070324-7}}</ref>
* [[December 17]] – [[Fire in the Winter Palace|Fire breaks out in the Winter Palace]], in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia killing 30 guards.
* [[December 23]] – The [[Slave Compensation Act 1837|Slave Compensation Act]] is signed into law by the government of the United Kingdom. This paid a substantial amount of money, constituting 40% of the [[HM Treasury|Treasury]]’s tax receipts at the time, to former enslavers but nothing to those formerly enslaved.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Context {{!}} Legacies of British Slavery |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/project/context |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=www.ucl.ac.uk |archive-date=October 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019133414/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/project/context |url-status=live }}</ref> 
* [[December 29]] – The [[Caroline affair|''Caroline'' Affair]], on the [[Niagara River]], becomes the basis for the [[Caroline test|''Caroline'' test]] for anticipatory self-defence in international relations.