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=== October–December === * [[October 2]] – The [[Texas Revolution]] – [[Battle of Gonzales]]: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of [[Gonzales, Texas]], but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia. * [[October 3]] – The [[Staedtler]] Company (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler in [[Nuremberg]], Germany. * [[October 28]] ** The [[United Tribes of New Zealand]] is founded at [[Waitangi, Northland|Waitangi]], with the [[Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand]]. ** [[Texas Revolution]] – [[Battle of Concepción]]: The [[Texian Army]] defeats the Mexicans. * [[November 12]] – Construction is completed on the [[Wilberforce Monument]] in [[Kingston Upon Hull]].<ref name=Wilberforce>{{Cite web|title=Wilberforce Monument, Non Civil Parish - 1283041|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1283041|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629090123/https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1283041|archive-date=29 June 2017|access-date=1 October 2021|website=[[Historic England]]|language=en}}</ref> * [[November 16]] – [[Halley's Comet]] reaches [[perihelion]], its closest approach to the Sun. * [[November 27]] – Two London men, [[James Pratt and John Smith]], are [[hanging|hanged]] in front of [[Newgate Prison]] in London, after a conviction of [[buggery]]. They are the last to suffer capital punishment for [[homosexual acts]] in England.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Gay History of Britain: Love and Sex Between Men Since the Middle Ages|publisher=[[Greenwood World Publishing]]|last1=Cook|first1=Matt|last2=Mills|page=109|first2=Robert|last3=Trumback|first3=Randolph|last4=Cocks|first4=Harry|year=2007|isbn=978-1846450020}}</ref> * [[December 5]] – Start of [[Moriori genocide]], the killing and enslavement of the indigenous people of the [[Chatham Islands]] by 500 [[Māori people]] from New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|last=Solomon|first=Maui|date=2019-12-15|title=Moriori: Still setting the record straight|url=https://e-tangata.co.nz/reflections/moriori-still-setting-the-record-straight/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217175542/https://e-tangata.co.nz/reflections/moriori-still-setting-the-record-straight/|archive-date=2021-02-17|access-date=2021-02-28|work=E-Tangata}}</ref> * [[December 7]] ** The [[Bavarian Ludwig Railway]] opens between [[Nuremberg]] and [[Fürth]], with a train hauled by the English-built ''[[Adler (locomotive)|Der Adler]]'' ("''The Eagle''"), the [[History of rail transport in Germany|first railway in Germany]]. ** Future U.S. President [[James K. Polk]] becomes [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]]. * [[December 9]] – The [[Army of the Republic of Texas]] captures [[San Antonio]]. * [[December 16]]– The [[Great Fire of New York]] begins and lasts until the next day, destroying 530 buildings, including the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref name=Fires>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p76</ref> * [[December 20]] – The [[Texas Declaration of Independence]] is signed by American residents rebelling against [[Mexico]] at [[Goliad, Texas]]. * [[December 21]] – The [[Raleigh and Gaston Railroad]] is chartered in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historync.org/railroads.htm|title=Railroads – prior to the Civil War|work=North Carolina Business History|year=2006|access-date=2011-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726152211/http://historync.org/railroads.htm|archive-date=July 26, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[December 28]] — The [[Second Seminole War]], led by Seminole Chief [[Osceola]] breaks out in the U.S. state of Florida. * [[December 29]] – The [[Treaty of New Echota]] is signed between the United States Government and representatives of the [[Cherokee Nation (19th century)|Cherokee Nation]].
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