Editing 16th century (section)

===[[1530s]]===
[[File:Battle Spanish Otomies Metztitlan.jpg|thumb|Spanish ''[[conquistador]]s'' with their [[Tlaxcallan]] allies fighting against the [[Otomies]] of Metztitlan in present-day Mexico, a [[16th-century]] codex|230x230px]]
* [[1531]]–[[1532]]: The [[History of the Church of England|Church of England]] breaks away from the [[Catholic Church]] and recognizes [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] as the head of the Church.
* [[1531]]: The [[Inca Civil War]] is fought between the two brothers, [[Atahualpa]] and [[Huáscar]].
* [[1532]]: [[Francisco Pizarro]] leads the [[Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire]].
* [[1532]]: Foundation of [[São Vicente, São Paulo|São Vicente]], the first permanent Portuguese settlement in the Americas.
* [[1533]]: [[Anne Boleyn]] becomes Queen of England.
* [[1533]]: [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth Tudor]] is born.
* [[1534]]: [[Jacques Cartier]] claims Canada for France.
* [[1534]]: The Ottomans [[Capture of Baghdad (1534)|capture]] [[Baghdad]] from the [[Safavid Iran|Safavids]].
* [[1534]]: [[Affair of the Placards]], where King [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] becomes more active in repression of French Protestants.
* [[1535]]: The [[Münster Rebellion]], an attempt of radical, [[Millennialism|millennialist]], [[Anabaptists]] to establish a [[theocracy]], ends in bloodshed.
* [[1535]]: The Portuguese in Ternate depose Sultan [[Tabariji of Ternate|Tabariji]] (or Tabarija) and send him to Portuguese Goa where he converts to Christianity and bequeaths his Portuguese godfather [[Jordao de Freitas]] the island of [[Ambon Island|Ambon]].<ref name="RICKLEFS_p25">Ricklefs (1991), page 25</ref> [[Hairun]] becomes the next sultan.
* [[1536]]: [[Catherine of Aragon]] dies in [[Kimbolton Castle]], in England.[[File:ImperioOtomanoSimplificado-en.svg|thumb|[[List of Ottoman conquests, sieges and landings|Territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire]] under Suleiman (in red and orange)]]
* [[1536]]:  In England, [[Anne Boleyn]] is beheaded for adultery and treason.
* [[1536]]:   Establishment of the [[Portuguese Inquisition|Inquisition]] in Portugal.
* [[1536]]:   Foundation of [[Buenos Aires]] (in present-day Argentina) by [[Pedro de Mendoza]].
* [[1537]]: The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] establish [[Recife]] in [[Pernambuco]], north-east of [[Brazil]].
* [[1537]]:   [[William Tyndale]]'s partial translation of the [[Bible]] into English is published, which would eventually be incorporated into the [[King James Bible]].
* [[1538]]: [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]] founds [[Bogotá]].
* [[1538]]: [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]]–[[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] fleet is defeated by the Ottoman Turks at the [[Battle of Preveza]].
* [[1539]]: [[Hernando de Soto (explorer)|Hernando de Soto]] explores inland North America.