Editing 1683 (section)

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Shi Lang]] reaches [[Taiwan]] and occupies modern-day [[Kaohsiung]].
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Germantown, Philadelphia]] is founded as the first permanent German settlement in North America (in [[1983]] U.S. President Ronald Reagan declares a 300th Year Celebration, and in [[1987]], it becomes an annual holiday, [[German-American Day]]).
* [[October 9]] (possible date) &ndash; [[Louis XIV of France]] makes a [[morganatic marriage]] with [[Madame de Maintenon]] in a secret ceremony following the death on July 30 of his queen consort, [[Maria Theresa of Spain]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Veronica Buckley|last=Buckley|first=Veronica|title=Madame de Maintenon: The Secret Wife of Louis XIV|location=London|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7475-8098-0|page=276}}</ref>
* [[November 1]] &ndash; The English crown colony of the [[Province of New York]] is subdivided into 12 [[County (United States)|counties]]: [[Albany County, New York|Albany]], [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]], [[Orange County, New York|Orange]], [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster]], and [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]] (upstate); [[Kings County, New York|Kings]], [[New York County]], [[Queens County, New York|Queens]], [[Richmond County, New York|Richmond]] (within New York City); [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] (eastern Long Island), and two areas not in New York state, [[Dukes County, Province of New York|Dukes County]] (now in Massachusetts) and [[Cornwall County, Province of New York|Cornwall County]] (now 11 counties in Maine). <ref>[http://genealogy.clifflamere.com/Aid/History/NY-OriginalCounties.htm "The 12 Original Counties of New York State"], by Cliff Lamere</ref>
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Algernon Sidney]], opponent of King [[Charles II of England]] and author of the rebel tract ''[[Discourses Concerning Government]]'' is beheaded after having been arrested on June 25 and found guilty on November 7.
* [[December 25]]
**[[Kara Mustafa Pasha]], [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] since [[1676]], is executed on orders of Sultan [[Mehmed IV]] after being blamed for the Ottoman loss of the [[Battle of Vienna]] on September 12.  The execution is carried out in [[Belgrade]] as Kara Mustafa is strangled with a silk cord.  The Sultan appoints [[Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha]] as the new Grand Vizier.
**[[George Ducas]], the Prince of Moldavia installed by the Ottomans in 1678, is arrested by Polish authorities while on his way back to [[Bucharest]] from the defeat by Poland in the Battle of Vienna.  Ducas is replaced by [[Ștefan Petriceicu]]. 
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Richard Keigwin (Governor of Bombay)|Richard Keigwin]] leads a rebellion against the [[East India Company]] to take over as Governor of Bombay and most of the British territory in India, driving out Governor [[Sir John Child, 1st Baronet|Sir John Child]] and arresting the Deputy Governor, [[Charles Ward (Deputy Governor of Bombay)|Charles Ward]].  Keigwin surrenders the office less than a year later.
* [[December]] &ndash; The [[River Thames]] in England freezes, allowing a [[River Thames frost fairs|frost fair]] to be held.