Editing 1578 (section)

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alessandro Farnese]] succeeds his uncle, [[John of Austria|Don John]], as [[Governor of the Spanish Netherlands]].<ref name="BrulezKoch2012">{{cite book|author1=W. Brulez|author2=A. C. F. Koch|author3=E. H. Kossman|title=Acta Historiae Neerlandicae/Studies on the History of the Netherlands VI|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JVfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-011-5945-6|pages=28|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Battles of Wenden (1577–78)|Battle of Wenden]]: The Russians are defeated by the [[Sweden|Swedes]], who proceed to take [[Polotsk]].
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Humphrey Gilbert]] and [[Walter Ralegh]] set out from [[Plymouth]] in England, leading an expedition to establish a colony in North America. They will be forced to turn back six months later.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=156–159|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[December 9]] &ndash; After more than five years of combat in southern France, the Protestant Huguenot citadel of [[Ménerbes]] negotiates a surrender to its French Catholic attackers.<ref>Robert Bailly, ''Topographie du siège et du bourg de Ménerbes (1573–1578): la Citadelle'' (Académie de Vaucluse, 1968)</ref>