Editing 1577 (section)

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 19]] &ndash; In Italy, [[Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo]] is elected as the new [[Doge of Genoa|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Genoa]] for a two-year term, replacing [[Prospero Centurione Fattinanti]]. 
* [[October 28]] &ndash; In [[Flanders]] (now part of [[Belgium]]), two Protestant members of the city council of [[Ghent]], [[Jan van Hembyze]] and François van Ryhove, proclaim the [[Calvinist Republic of Ghent]].<ref>P.J. Blok, ''History of the People of the Netherlands: The War with Spain'' (G. P. Putnam's sons, 1900)</ref> The stadtholder of Flanders, [[Philippe III de Croÿ]], Duke of Aarschot is arrested, along with the Roman Catholic bishops [[Martin Rythovius]] of [[Diocese of Ypres|Ypres]] and [[Remi Drieux]] of [[Diocese of Bruges|Bruges]]. The Calvinist Republic will exist for seven years until the [[Siege of Ghent (1583–1584)|Spanish conquest of Ghent]] in 1584.
* [[November 6]] &ndash; The first recorded observation from Earth of the [[Great Comet of 1577]] takes place by Aztec astronomers in Mexico, followed by reports from Italy on November 7 and Japan on November 8.<ref>"Abū'l Faẓl, independent discoverer of the Great Comet of 1577", by R. C. Kapoor, ''Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage'' vol.18, No.3 (2015) pp.249–260</ref> Astronomer [[Tycho Brahe]] will track the comet from November 13 until January 26 before it departs the Solar System.<ref>{{cite book|author=Harvard University Library|title=Harvard Library Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dAzhAAAAMAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Harvard University Library|page=128|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Tedorigawa]], [[Uesugi Kenshin]]'s forces decisively defeat the forces of [[Oda Nobunaga]], in what will be Kenshin's last victory before his death the following year.
* [[November 19]] &ndash; With defeat coming close in the [[siege of Shigisan]], [[Matsunaga Hisahide]] commits suicide.
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Francis Drake]] leaves [[Plymouth]], [[Kingdom of England|England]], aboard the ''[[Golden Hind|Pelican]]'', with four other ships and 164 men, on an expedition against the [[Spain|Spanish]], along the [[Pacific coast]] of the [[Americas]], which will become [[Francis Drake's Circumnavigation|his circumnavigation]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Frederick William Butt-Thompson|title=King Peters of Sierra Leone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Il9CAQAAMAAJ|year=1920|publisher=Religious Tract Society|page=122|language=en}}</ref>