Editing 1443 (section)

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Peter, Duke of Coimbra|Pedro de Portugal, Duke of Coimbra]] and regent for the 11-year old [[Afonso V of Portugal|King Afonso V]], grants letters patent to his younger brother [[Prince Henry the Navigator|Dom Henrique of Navegador]] ("Prince Henry the Navigator"), giving Henrique an exclusive monopoly over all navigation south of [[Cape Bojador]], whether for the purpose of war or trade, as well as a commission on any African goods or slaves brought back to mainland Portugal.<ref>[[João de Barros]], ''Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente''.  Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib.1-5) p.60</ref> 
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Battle of Niš (1443)|Battle of Niš]]: [[John Hunyadi]] and the army of the [[Crusade of Varna]] defeat three [[Military of the Ottoman Empire|armies of the Ottoman Empire]], and capture the city of [[Niš]] in modern-day [[Serbia]]; [[Skanderbeg]] deserts the Ottoman camp and goes to [[Albania]].
* [[November 28]] &ndash; Skanderbeg and his forces, rebelling against the [[Ottoman Empire]], liberate [[Krujë]], in Middle [[Albania]], and raise the [[Flag of Albania|Albanian flag]].
* [[December 12]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Zlatitsa]] in what is now [[Bulgaria]], Ottoman troops under the Sultan [[Murad II]] and General [[Kasim Pasha]] defeat an attack by John Hunyadi and the forces of Hungary, Croatia, Poland and Serbia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pálosfalvi |first=Tamás |title=From Nicopolis to Mohács, A History of Ottoman-Hungarian Warfare 1389-1526 |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=9789004375659 |pages=116}}</ref>
* [[December 24]] &ndash; 
**The Christian crusaders under Hunyadi begin their retreat westward after their defeat at Zlatica, and the Ottoman forces follow them, with a confrontation ultimately taking place on January 2 at the [[Battle of Kunovica]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mirčetić|first=Dragoljub|title=Vojna istorija Niša: deo 2. U sredjem veku (700-1459) (Military History of Niš, Part 2. In the Middle Ages (700-1459).|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2G0yAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Prosveta|page=95|isbn=9788774551522}}</ref>
**In [[Poland]], [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn|Wenceslaus I, Duke of Siewierz]] sells the [[duchy]] of [[Siewierz]] to [[Zbigniew Oleśnicki (cardinal)|Zbigniew Oleśnicki]], Bishop of Kraków, for 6,000 silver coins ([[Prague groschen]]), equivalent to at least {{convert|21|kg}} or 750 ounces of silver.<ref>Kazimierz Jasiński, ''Rodowód Piastów śląskich'' (''Lineage of the Silesian Piast Dynasty''), volume 3 (1977) pp.166-167.</ref>
* [[December 30]] &ndash; King [[Sejong the Great]] of [[Joseon|Korea]] announces the creation of the ''[[Hunminjeongeum]]'' (literally "The Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People") a manual for [[Hangul]], a standardized writing system for the [[Korean language]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hunminjeongeum Manuscript |url=http://english.cha.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?ctgryLrcls=CTGRY168&nttId=57977&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1205&mn=EN_03_03 |website=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>