Editing 1291 (section)

==== Levant ====
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Siege of Acre (1291)|Siege of Acre]]: Mamluk forces under Sultan [[Al-Ashraf Khalil]] capture [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] after a six-week siege. The Mamluks take the outer wall of the city after fierce fighting. The Military Orders drive them back temporarily, but three days later the inner wall is breached. King [[Henry II of Cyprus]] escapes, but the bulk of the defenders and most of the citizens perish in the fighting or are sold into slavery. The surviving knights fall back to the fortified towers and resist for ten days until the Mamluks breakthrough on [[May 28]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 351. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref> The fall of Acre signals the end of the Crusader [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. No effective Crusade is raised to recapture the [[Holy Land]] afterward.<ref>David Nicolle (2005). Osprey: ''Acre 1291 - Bloody sunset of the Crusader states'', pp. 18–19. {{ISBN|978-1-84176-862-5}}.</ref>
* [[June]] &ndash; Al-Ashraf Khalil enters [[Damascus]] in triumph with Crusaders chained at their feet and the captured Crusader standards, which are carried upside-down as a sign of their defeat. Following the capture of Acre, Khalil and his Mamluk generals proceed to wrest control of the remaining Crusader-held fortresses along the Syrian coast. Within weeks, the Mamluks conquer [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]], [[Sidon]], [[Beirut]], [[Haifa]] and [[Tartus]].<ref>Holt, Peter Malcolm (1986). ''The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517'', p. 104. Addison Wesley Longman Limited. {{ISBN|978-1-31787-152-1}}.</ref>
* [[July]] &ndash; [[Thibaud Gaudin]] arrives with the surviving knights, with the treasure of the Order, in Sidon. There, he is elected as Grand Master of the [[Knights Templar]], to succeed [[Guillaume de Beaujeu]] (who was mortally wounded during the siege of Acre). Shortly after, Mamluk forces attack Sidon and Gaudin (who has not had enough knights to defend) evacuates the city and moves to the [[Sidon Sea Castle]] on [[July 14]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 352. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[August 14]] &ndash; Mamluk forces conquer the last Crusader outpost in [[Syria]], the Templar fortress of [[Château Pèlerin|Atlit]] south of Acre.   All that now is left to the Knights Templar is the island fortress of [[Arwad|Ruad]]. Al-Ashraf Khalil returns to [[Cairo]] in triumph as the "victor in the long struggle against the [[Crusader states]]".<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 353. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>