Editing 1191 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]], son of the late Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa'''), is crowned as Emperor of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], together with his wife [[Constance I of Sicily|Constance]] by Pope [[Pope Celestine III|Celestine III]], on Easter Monday at [[Rome]]. Henry marches south and begins a campaign in [[Apulia]]. He besieges [[Naples]], but encounters the resistance of Sicilian forces under [[Margaritus of Brindisi]], who come to support the city's defense. [[Tusculum]] is destroyed by the rebel army of the [[Commune of Rome]], on [[April 17]].<ref>Horst Fuhrmann (1986). ''Germany in High Middle Ages: c. 1050–1200'', p. 181. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-31980-5}}.</ref>
* August &ndash; Margaritus of Brindisi defeats the Pisan fleet during the siege of Naples, and nearly destroys the late-arriving Genoese contingent. He keeps the harbour approaches open for supplies and reinforcements.
* Prince [[Yury Bogolyubsky]] leads a rebellion of disaffected Georgian nobleman against his ex-wife, Queen [[tamar of Georgia|Tamara]] ('''the Great'''), but her forces win a two pitched battle at [[Tmogvi]] and [[Erusheti]]. Yury is captured, and Tamara allows him to withdraw to [[Constantinople]].<ref>Khazanov, Anatoly M. (2001). ''Nomads in the Sedentary World'', p. 49. London and New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-7007-1369-7}}.</ref>
* Henry VI is forced to raise the siege of Naples, due to an epidemic, and returns to [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]]. Upon Henry's retreat, the Lombard cities that have surrendered to the Germans resubmit to [[Tancred, King of Sicily|Tancred of Lecce]], king or usurper of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]. The populace of [[Salerno]] turn against Empress Constance during her visit to the city, and [[Margaritus of Brindisi]] delivers her to Tancred at Messina. Later, Constance is imprisoned at [[Castel dell'Ovo]] at Naples.
* The counties of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] and [[County of Hainaut|Hainaut]] (modern [[Belgium]]) are united under Count [[Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut|Baldwin VIII]]. Flanders, a feudal fiefdom of France, becomes an important, wealthy independent state of [[Western Europe]].<ref>David Nicolle (2011). ''The Fourth Crusade 1202–04: The betrayal of Byzantium'', p. 12. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-319-5}}.</ref>
*[[Sieges of Silves (1190–1191)|Siege of Silves]] – Almohad forces under Caliph [[Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur]] reconquer [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]] in [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]].<ref name=Picard1997>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref> In the same campaign, the Almohads take also [[Alcácer do Sal]], while [[Palmela]] and [[Almada]] are sacked.<ref name=picard2000>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=110}}</ref>
* [[Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen|Berthold V]], duke of [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]], founds the city of [[Bern]] (modern [[Switzerland]]).
* King [[Canute VI of Denmark|Canute VI]] leads a Danish Crusade to [[Finland]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Muinaisuutemme jäljet|author1=Georg Haggren|author2=Petri Halinen|author3=Mika Lavento|author4=Sami Raninen ja Anna Wessman|publisher=Gaudeamus|year=2015|location=Helsinki|pages=380}}</ref>