Editing 1190 (section)

==== Europe ====
[[File:Europe mediterranean 1190.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Europe in 1190]]
* [[July 4]] &ndash; King [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] ('''the Lion Heart''') and [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ('''Augustus'''), meet at [[Vézelay]] and agree to divide the spoils of the Crusade equally between themselves. They march to the coast and then make their way across the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], taking different routes. Richard travels with an expeditionary force (some 17,000 men) via [[Marseille]] and Philip travels with a smaller contingent (some 15,000 men) via [[Genoa]]. Richard has some 100 ships at his disposal, several of which are from Norman ports, others from [[Shoreham-by-Sea|Shoreham]] and [[Southampton]].<ref>[http://images.library.wisc.edu/History/EFacs/HistCrus/00001/0002/reference/history.crustwo.i0016.pdf Wolff and Hazard, p. 57]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[September]] &ndash; Richard I arrives in [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] at the head of a Crusader army and demands the release of his sister [[Joan of England, Queen of Sicily|Joan of England]], queen of Sicily, who is held hostage by the usurper [[Tancred, King of Sicily|Tancred of Lecce]]. He also demands that Tancred fulfill the financial commitments made by the late King [[William II of Sicily|William II]] ('''the Good''') to the Crusade. Tancred refuses the financial demand but he agrees to release Joan, on [[September 28]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 33. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[October 4]] &ndash; Richard I captures [[Messina, Italy|Messina]], after looting and burning the city he establishes his base there. Richard insists that his own banner be erected over the city, but this creates tension between Richard and Philip II, who has joined him with his forces. Tancred accepts a peace agreement, and pays Richard 20,000 ounces of gold. Friendly relations are restored, Richard agrees to split the gold with Philip.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', pp. 34–35. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* King [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]], eldest son of Frederick I, grants [[Henry I, Duke of Brabant|Henry I]] ('''the Brave''') the title of [[Duke of Brabant]]. Henry tries to expand his power and soon quarrels with Count [[Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut|Baldwin V]], duke of [[County of Hainaut|Hainaut]].
* December &ndash; Richard I and Philip II stay in Sicily over the winter months waiting for the weather to improve before continuing their journey to the Holy Land.
*[[Sieges of Silves (1190–1191)|Siege of Silves]] – the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] caliph, [[Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur]], fails to reconquer [[Silves, Portugal]].<ref name=Picard1997>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref>

===== England =====
[[File:Angevin Empire 1190.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|The English "feudal empire" of the [[Angevin kings of England|Angevins]] in 1190]]
* [[London]] adopts the [[Saint George's Cross|Cross of St. George]], the red cross on a white background. The flag is also used by the fleet of [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]], and allows the ships from London to use the flag for protection when they enter the Mediterranean on trading missions.
* [[March 16]] &ndash; A massacre and mass-[[suicide]] of the Jews in [[York]], results in the deaths of 150–500 Jews in [[York Castle|Clifford's Tower]].