Editing Łódź (section)

===Restored Poland (1918–1939)===
[[File:Archiwum Włodzimierza Pfeiffera PL 39 596 328.png|thumb|{{lang|pl|[[Liberty Square, Łódź|Plac Wolności]]}} (Liberty Square) with the [[Tadeusz Kościuszko]] Monument and Holy Spirit Church in 1930]]

Despite its large population and economic output, Łódź did not serve as the seat of its province until the 20th century.{{sfn|University of Łódź|1979|p=23}} Following the establishment of the [[Second Polish Republic]], it became the capital of the [[Łódź Voivodeship]] in 1919.{{sfn|Czerny|2006|p=57}} The early [[interwar period]] was characterised by considerable economic hardship and industrial stagnation.{{sfn|Roszkowski|2015|p=207}} The [[Great Depression]] and the [[German–Polish customs war]] closed western markets to Polish textiles while the [[Russian Revolution (1917)|Bolshevik Revolution]] and the [[Russian Civil War|Civil War]] in Russia put an end to the most profitable trade with the East.{{sfn|Roszkowski|2015|p=207}}{{sfn|Czerny|2006|p=57}}

Because of rapid and, consequently, chaotic development in the previous century, Łódź did not possess the adequate infrastructure and living standards for its inhabitants.{{sfn|Feitelson|2017|p=118}} Pollution was acute, sanitary conditions were poor and the authorities did not invest in a [[sewage treatment]] system until the 1920s.{{sfn|Feitelson|2017|pp=118–119}}{{sfn|Karamouz|2021|p=386}} From 1918 to 1939, many cultural, educational and scientific institutions were created, including elementary schools, museums, art galleries and [[Public library|public libraries]] which prior to the First World War did not exist.{{sfn|Cudny|2016|pp=126–127}} Łódź also began developing an [[entertainment]] scene, with 34 movie theatres opened by 1939.{{sfn|Cudny|2016|pp=126–127}} On 13 September 1925, the city's first airport, [[Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport|Lublinek]], commenced operations.{{sfn|Badziak|Łapa|2009|p=160}} In 1930, the first [[radio]] transmission from a newly founded broadcasting station took place.{{sfn|Wojalski|1992}}

The ideological orientation of Łódź was strongly [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] and the city was a notable centre of socialist, [[Communism|communist]] and [[Bundism|bundist]] activity in Polish politics during the interbellum.{{sfn|Brunell|2005|pp=179–180}}