Editing Sydney (section)

===Transport===
{{Main|Transport in Sydney}}

====Roads====
[[File:Light Horse Interchange (aerial view).jpg|thumb|[[Light Horse Interchange]], the largest of its kind in Australia]]

The motor vehicle, more than any other factor, has determined the pattern of Sydney's urban development since [[World War II]].<ref name="Transport">{{cite web |last=Wotherspoon |first=Garry |date=2008 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/transport |title=Transport |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=10 August 2014}}</ref> The growth of low-density housing in the city's outer suburbs has made car ownership necessary for hundreds of thousands of households. The percentage of trips taken by car has increased from 13% in 1947 to 50% in 1960 and 70% in 1971.<ref name="Transport"/> The most important roads in Sydney were the nine [[Metroad]]s, including the {{cvt|110|km|mi|0|abbr=off|adj=on}} [[Sydney Orbital Network]]. Sydney's reliance on motor vehicles and its sprawling road network has been criticised by proponents of mass public transport and high-density housing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australian Social Trends, July 2013 |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features40July+2013 |work=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=21 August 2016 |date=5 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sydney is Australia's most valuable location, but public transport is its weakness |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=4 April 2015 |first=Matt |last=Wade |url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/sydney-is-australias-most-valuable-location-but-public-transport-is-its-weakness-20150402-1mdv7i.html |access-date=21 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smh.com.au/comment/sydney-not-yet-a-true-global-city-20140411-zqtpy.html |title=Sydney not yet a true global city |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=14 April 2014 |access-date=21 August 2016}}</ref> The [[Light Horse Interchange]] in western Sydney is the largest in the southern hemisphere.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.westlinkm7.com.au/cmsAdmin/uploads/Fact_Sheet_Light_Horse_Interchange.pdf |title=Fact Sheet – Light Horse Interchange |publisher=Westlink Motorway Limited |date=May 2006 |access-date=3 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233919/http://www.westlinkm7.com.au/cmsAdmin/uploads/Fact_Sheet_Light_Horse_Interchange.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

There can be up to 350,000 cars using Sydney's roads simultaneously during peak hour, leading to significant traffic congestion.<ref name="Transport"/> 84.9% of Sydney households own a motor vehicle and 46.5% own two or more.<ref name="Greater Sydney QuickStats"/> With a rate of 26.3% in 2014, Sydney has the highest utilisation of public transport for travel to work of any Australian capital.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=2008 |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Chapter10102008 |title=Australian social trends |access-date=10 August 2014}}</ref> In contrast, in 2014 only 25.2% of working residents in the City of Sydney use a car, whilst 15.8% take a train, 13.3% use a bus, and 25.3% walk.<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Method of travel to work |url=http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/travel-to-work |access-date=27 July 2014 |publisher=.id |archive-date=23 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223224108/http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/travel-to-work |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several significant infrastructure projects have been completed since. The CBD features a [[Lanes and alleyways of Sydney|series of alleyways and lanes]] that provide [[alley|off-street]] vehicular access to city buildings and as well as pedestrian routes through city buildings.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=City of Sydney |date=1 January 1993 |url=https://archives.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/nodes/view/1750473 |title=Policy for the management of laneways in Central Sydney/ Sydney City Council |access-date=18 November 2022}}</ref>

====Suburban trains====
{{Main|Sydney Trains}}

[[File:Central Station Concourse Hall.jpg|thumb|[[Central railway station, Sydney|Central station]] is the busiest railway station in Australia, and the city's main public transport hub.]]
Sydney has the largest public transport network in Australia, with 67% of residents having access to adequate public transport services.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Australia's biggest cities rank for public transport access |website=SBS News |publisher=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/how-australias-biggest-cities-rank-for-public-transport-access/iy0wrwm4k |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> Sydney's rail network began with the construction of a rail line to present-day Granville in 1855. Afterwards, the network grew with European settlement in the 19th century.<ref name="NSW Rail History">{{cite web |title=History of the NSW railways |website=NSW Government |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> The first electric trains were introduced in 1926, by which point electric trams were also running. By 1991, all lines within Sydney were electrified.<ref name="Dictionary of Sydney Rail Electrification">{{cite web |last1=Dunn |first1=Mark |title=Electrification of the Sydney Suburban Train Network |website=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> The rail network, aswell as all public transport within Sydney, is ticketed through [[Opal card | Opal cards]], reusable and contactless cards that are used to automatically calculate and collect transport fares.

Established in 1906, [[Central railway station, Sydney|Central station]] is the largest and busiest railway station in the state and is the main hub of the city's [[Railways in Sydney|rail network]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Sydney Trains |date=2014 |url=http://www.sydneytrains.info/about/history/central_station.htm |title=Central Station |access-date=10 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625093221/http://sydneytrains.info/about/history/central_station.htm |archive-date=25 June 2014}}</ref> [[Sydney Trains]] is the [[suburban rail]] service. Its tracks form part of the New South Wales railway network. It serves 168 stations across the city and had an annual ridership of 302&nbsp;million passenger journeys in 2023–24.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2024 |title=Sydney Trains Annual Report |url=https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/system/files/media/documents/2024/sydney-trains-annual-report-2023-24-volume-1.pdf |access-date=19 December 2024 |website=Transport for NSW}}</ref> Sydney's railway was first constructed in 1854 with progressive extension to the network to serve both freight and passengers. The main station is the [[Central railway station, Sydney|Central railway station]] in the southern part of the CBD. In the 1850s and 1860s, the railway reached areas that are now outer suburbs of Sydney.<ref name="Transport" /> 

==== Metro ====
{{main|Sydney Metro}}
The [[Sydney Metro]] is a [[Automatic train operation | driverless]] [[rapid transit]] network separate from the suburban rail network, with connections at major interchange stations. Currently, the network consists of a single line extending from [[Tallawong]] in the north-west to the city and [[Sydenham, New South Wales | Sydenham]]. This line, designated as the M1, will be extended to Bankstown in 2025 with suburbs previously on the [[Bankstown railway line]] currently closed for conversion to the metro. A new line through the inner west to Parramatta is planned to be built by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/transport-minister-andrew-constance-says-new-sydney-metro-train-line-a-massive-city-shaping-project-20150616-ghoy0v.html |title=Transport minister Andrew Constance says new Sydney Metro train line a 'massive city shaping project' |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=16 June 2015 |access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/north-shore/new-metro-train-stations-in-sydney-could-be-built-in-crows-nest-or-st-leonards-and-artarmon-by-2024/story-fngr8h9d-1227392848894 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150921142445/http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/north-shore/new-metro-train-stations-in-sydney-could-be-built-in-crows-nest-or-st-leonards-and-artarmon-by-2024/story-fngr8h9d-1227392848894 |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2015 |title=New metro train stations in Sydney could be built in Crows Nest or St Leonards and Artarmon by 2024 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=11 June 2015 |access-date=20 June 2015 }}</ref> It currently serves 21 stations. A line to serve the greater west is planned for 2026 and will include a station for the [[Western Sydney Airport|second international airport]]. Sydney metro operates with much higher frequency than the suburban rail network, with service intervals of 3-4 minutes compared to Sydney Trains' 10-15 minutes. The scheme is intended to increase Sydney's public transport capacity by 60%.<ref name="Infrastructure Pipeline Metro">{{cite web |title=Sydney Metro |website=Australia New Zealand Infrastructure Pipeline |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="ICE Metro">{{cite web |title=Sydney Metro |website=ICE |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref>

====Light rail====
{{Main|Light rail in Sydney}}
[[File:CBD light rail 001.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[CBD and South East Light Rail]] connects Sydney's CBD with the Eastern Suburbs.]]
Sydney once had one of the [[Trams in Sydney|largest tram networks]] in the British Empire after London.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Shooting Through: Sydney by Tram |url=https://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/shooting-through-sydney-tram |access-date=31 May 2019 |work=Sydney Living Museums}}</ref> It served routes covering {{cvt|291|km|mi|0|abbr=off}}. The internal combustion engine made buses more flexible than trams and consequently more popular, leading to the progressive closure of the network with the final tram operating in 1961.<ref name="Transport" /> From 1930 there were 612 buses across Sydney carrying 90&nbsp;million passengers per annum.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wotherspoon |first=Garry |date=2008 |title=Buses |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/buses |access-date=8 August 2014 |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney}}</ref>

In 1997, the [[Inner West Light Rail]] opened between Central station and [[Wentworth Park]]. It ran on a [[Sydney Freight Network|freight line]] extending from the city to [[Darling Harbour]] and the [[Fish Markets]], part of the Metroplitan Goods Lines.<ref name="Heritage NSW Metropolitan Goods Lines">{{cite web |title=Sydney's Metropolitan Goods Lines |url=https://www.thnsw.com.au/post/sydney-s-metropolitan-goods-lines |website=Transport Heritage NSW |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> The line was extended to [[Lilyfield]] in 2000 and then [[Dulwich Hill]] in 2014. It links the [[Inner West]] and Darling Harbour with [[Central railway station, Sydney|Central station]] and facilitated 9.1&nbsp;million journeys in the 2016–17 financial year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2017 |title=Light Rail Patronage – Monthly Comparison |url=https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/performance-and-analytics/passenger-travel/light-rail-patronage/light-rail-patronage-monthly |access-date=25 August 2017 |website=[[Transport for NSW]] |language=en-AU}}</ref> A second, the [[CBD and South East Light Rail]] {{cvt|12|km|1}} line serving the CBD and Eastern Suburbs opened in 2019–2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=CBD and South East Light Rail contract awarded with earlier delivery date |url=http://www.sydneylightrail.transport.nsw.gov.au/latest/media-releases/2013-(1)/transforming-sydney-cbd-and-south-east-light-rail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513081808/http://www.sydneylightrail.transport.nsw.gov.au/latest/media-releases/2013-(1)/transforming-sydney-cbd-and-south-east-light-rail |archive-date=13 May 2015 |website=Sydney Light Rail |publisher=Transport for NSW}}</ref> A [[Parramatta Light Rail|light rail line]] serving the western hub of [[Parramatta, New South Wales | Parramatta]] opened in 2024.<ref name="ABC Parramatta LR">{{cite web |last1=Tregenza |first1=Holly |title=Parramatta light rail celebrates opening day with commuters aboard first tram |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-12-20/parramatta-light-rail-open-day-route-map-westmead-carlingford/104747540 |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> The project is divided into two stages, with the first (the L4) replacing the [[Carlingford railway line]] that closed in 2020. The second stage of the project, the L5, servicing the [[Sydney Olympic Park | Olympic park]], is currently under construction.

====Buses====
{{Main|Buses in Sydney}}

Bus services are conducted by private operators under contract to [[Transport for NSW]]. Integrated tickets called [[Opal card]]s operate on bus routes. In total, nearly 225&nbsp;million boardings were recorded across the bus network.<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/b2b/publications/annual_reports/tfnsw-annual-report-2013-2014.pdf |title=TfNSW 2013–2014 Annual Report |author=Transport for NSW |date=2014 |pages=35, 36 |author-link=Transport for NSW |access-date=29 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529174646/http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/b2b/publications/annual_reports/tfnsw-annual-report-2013-2014.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[NightRide (bus service)|NightRide]] is a nightly bus service that operate between midnight and 5am.

====Ferries====
{{Main|Sydney Ferries|List of Sydney Harbour ferries|Timeline of Sydney Harbour ferries}}
[[File:Freshwater class ferry Queenscliff on its way to Manly at Circular Quay.jpg|thumb|A [[Freshwater-class ferry|''Freshwater''-class ferry]] Departing [[Circular Quay]] to Manly]]
At the time the Sydney Harbour Bridge opened in 1932, the city's [[Sydney Ferries Limited|ferry service]] was the largest in the world.<ref name="Sydney Ferries">{{cite web |publisher=Transport for New South Wales |date=2014 |url=http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/content/sydney-ferries |title=Sydney Ferries |access-date=10 August 2014}}</ref> Patronage declined from 37&nbsp;million passengers in 1945 to 11&nbsp;million in 1963 but has recovered somewhat in recent years.<ref name="Transport" /> From its hub at [[Circular Quay ferry wharf|Circular Quay]], the [[Sydney Ferries|ferry network]] extends from [[Manly ferry wharf|Manly]] to [[Parramatta ferry wharf|Parramatta]].<ref name="Sydney Ferries" /> Ferries in sydney are operated by [[Transdev Sydney Ferries]] and operate on 10 routes across the [[Sydney Harbour | harbour]] and [[Parramatta River]].

====Airports====
[[Sydney Airport]], officially "Sydney Kingsford-Smith Airport", is located in [[Mascot, New South Wales|Mascot]]. It services 46 international and 23 domestic destinations.<ref name="Sydney Airport overview"/> As the busiest airport in Australia, it handled 37.9&nbsp;million passengers in 2013 and 530,000 tonnes of freight in 2011.<ref name="Sydney Airport overview"/>
A second airport, [[Western Sydney Airport]], is under construction at [[Badgerys Creek, New South Wales|Badgerys Creek]] and will open in late 2026,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to WSI – Sydney's new airport {{!}} Western Sydney International Airport |url=https://wsiairport.com.au/ |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=wsiairport.com.au}}</ref> at a cost of $2.5 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cox |first1=Lisa |last2=Massola |first2=James |date=2014 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/tony-abbott-confirms-badgerys-creek-as-site-of-second-sydney-airport-20140415-zqv0d.html |title=Tony Abbott confirms Badgerys Creek as site of second Sydney airport |newspaper=The Age |access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> Notably, it will not feature a [[Night flying restrictions|curfew]], unlike Sydney Kingsford-Smith Airport, which imposes a suspension of all aircraft operations between 11{{nbsp}}pm and 6{{nbsp}}am. [[Bankstown Airport]] is Sydney's second busiest airport, and serves general aviation, charter and some scheduled cargo flights. Bankstown is also the fourth busiest airport in Australia by number of aircraft movements.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airservicesaustralia.com/wp-content/uploads/Airport_Movement_Calendar_Year_2011.pdf |title=Movements at Australian Airports |date=17 February 2012 |website=Airservices Australia |access-date=6 November 2016 |archive-date=30 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530202523/http://www.airservicesaustralia.com/wp-content/uploads/Airport_Movement_Calendar_Year_2011.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Other airports include [[Camden Airport (New South Wales)|Camden Airport]], [[The Oaks Airfield]], and Menangle Airfield, which are mostly used for [[general aviation]], flight training<ref name="Camden Airport">{{cite web |title=Sydney Camden Airport |url=https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/airports/sydney-camden-airport-cdu |website=Centre for Aviation |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> and by private operators. Seaplane terminals are located at [[Rose Bay Water Airport | Rose Bay]] and [[Palm Beach Water Airport | Palm Beach]], and military airports at [[Holsworthy Barracks|Holsworthy]] and [[RAAF Base Richmond | Richmond]]. [[Port Botany (seaport)|Port Botany]] has surpassed Port Jackson as the city's major shipping port. Cruise ship terminals are located at [[Overseas Passenger Terminal|Sydney Cove]] and [[White Bay Cruise Terminal|White Bay]].