Editing Reformation (section)

==== England ====
{{Main|English Reformation}}
{{See|Edwardian Reformation}}
The [[English Reformation]] is a complex historical series of events and reversals, whose nature and effect has been debated by historians.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Redworth |first1=Glyn |title=Whatever happened to the English Reformation? |journal=History Today |date=October 1987 |volume=37 |pages=29–36}}</ref><ref name=peeps>{{cite journal |last1=Konkola |first1=Kari |last2=MacCulloch |first2=Diarmaid |title=People of the Book: Success in the English Reformation |journal=History Today |date=October 2003 |volume=53 |issue=10 |pages=23–29}}</ref>{{rp|23}} The results of the reformation included an [[established church]] with a "Prayer Book consciously aligned with Swiss theology,...(but) the most elaborate liturgy of any Protestant Church in Europe" practiced in Cathedrals, with plain, sermon-centred services in parish churches,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=MacCulloch |first1=Diarmaid |title=The myth of the English reformation |journal=History Today |date=July 1991 |volume=41 |issue=7 |pages=28–35}}</ref>{{rp|30}} politically imposed by a "literate Protestant elite".<ref name=peeps/>{{rp|28}}

According to political historian Gregory Slysz "The dissolution of the monasteries [...] brought social catastrophe to England" for the next 50 or so years, due to the closure of the numerous associated urban almshouses for poor relief and hospitals, worsened by spiraling inflation and a doubling of the population.<ref name=slysz>{{cite journal |last1=Slysz |first1=Gregory |title=The impact of the dissolution of Westminster Abbey on the provision of social welfare, c. 1540-1600 |journal=American Benedictine Review |date=2018}}</ref> Popular revolts by grassroots Catholics against the changes, such as the [[Prayer Book Rebellion]] in the South and the [[Pilgrimage of Grace]] and [[Bigod's rebellion]] in the North, were ruthlessly put down by government forces with the loss of thousands of lives.
===== English North America =====
{{Main|History of the Puritans in North America}}
The most famous emigration to America was the migration of Puritan separatists from the Anglican Church of England. They fled first to Holland, and then later to America to establish the English [[Massachusetts Bay Colony|colony of Massachusetts]] in New England, which later became one of the original United States. These Puritan separatists were also known as "the [[Pilgrim Fathers|Pilgrims]]". After establishing a colony at [[Plymouth Colony|Plymouth]] (which became part of the colony of Massachusetts) in 1620, the Puritan pilgrims received a charter from the [[King of England]] that legitimised their colony, allowing them to do trade and commerce with merchants in England, in accordance with the principles of [[mercantilism]]. 

The Pilgrims held radical Protestant disapproval of Christmas, and its celebration was outlawed in Boston from 1659 to 1681.<ref name="Barnett">{{cite book |last=Barnett |first=James Harwood |year=1984 |title=The American Christmas: A Study in National Culture |publisher=Ayer Publishing |isbn=978-0-405-07671-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-sRH9skUh6oC&q=Christmas+Puritan+New+England&pg=PA2 |page=3}}</ref> The ban was revoked in 1681 by the English-appointed governor [[Edmund Andros]], who also revoked a Puritan ban on festivities on Saturday nights.<ref name="Barnett"/> Nevertheless, it was not until the mid-19th century that celebrating Christmas became fashionable in the Boston region.<ref>{{cite book |last=Marling |first=Karal Ann |year=2000 |title=Merry Christmas!: Celebrating America's Greatest Holiday |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-00318-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUc13_ourtYC&q=Christmas+Puritan+New+England&pg=PA44 |page=44}}</ref>