Editing Ozone (section)

===Aquaculture===
{{Redirect|Ozonation|the chemical reaction|ozonolysis}}
Ozonation – a process of infusing water with ozone&nbsp;– can be used in aquaculture to facilitate organic breakdown. Ozone is also added to recirculating systems to reduce [[nitrite]] levels<ref name="Noble">{{cite journal |last1=Noble |first1=A.C. |last2=Summerfelt |first2=S.T. |year=1996 |title=Diseases encountered in rainbow trout cultured in recirculating systems |journal=Annual Review of Fish Diseases |volume=6 |pages=65–92 |doi=10.1016/S0959-8030(96)90006-X |doi-access=free}}</ref> through conversion into [[nitrate]]. If nitrite levels in the water are high, nitrites will also accumulate in the blood and tissues of fish, where it interferes with oxygen transport (it causes oxidation of the heme-group of [[haemoglobin]] from ferrous ({{chem|Fe|2+}}) to ferric ({{chem|Fe|3+}}), making haemoglobin unable to bind {{chem|O|2}}).<ref name="Ferreira">{{cite journal |last1=Ferreira |first1=O |last2=de Costa |first2=O.T. |last3=Ferreira |first3=Santos |last4=Mendonca |first4=F. |year=2004 |title=Susceptibility of the Amazonian fish, Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalminae), to short-term exposure to nitrite |journal=Aquaculture |volume=232 |issue=1–4 |pages=627–636 |bibcode=2004Aquac.232..627F |doi=10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00524-6}}</ref> Despite these apparent positive effects, ozone use in recirculation systems has been linked to reducing the level of bioavailable iodine in salt water systems, resulting in iodine deficiency symptoms such as goitre and decreased growth in Senegalese sole (''[[Solea senegalensis]]'') larvae.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ribeiro |first1=A.R.A. |last2=Ribeiro |first2=L. |last3=Saele |first3=Ø. |last4=Hamre |first4=K. |last5=Dinis |first5=M.T. |last6=Moren |first6=M. |title=Iodine-enriched rotifers andArtemiaprevent goitre in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae reared in a recirculation system |journal=Aquaculture Nutrition |year=2009 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=248–257 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00740.x}}</ref>

Ozonate seawater is used for surface disinfection of [[haddock]] and [[Atlantic halibut]] eggs against nodavirus. Nodavirus is a lethal and vertically transmitted virus which causes severe mortality in fish. Haddock eggs should not be treated with high ozone level as eggs so treated did not hatch and died after 3–4 days.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Buchan |first1=K. |last2=Martin-Robinchaud |first2=D. |last3=Benfey |first3=T.J. |last4=MacKinnon |year=2006 |first4=A |last5=Boston |first5=L |title=The efficacy of ozonated seawater for surface disinfection of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) eggs against piscine nodavirus |journal=Aquacultural Engineering |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=102–107 |bibcode=2006AqEng..35..102B |doi=10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.10.001}}</ref>