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===Relaxation response and biofeedback=== [[Herbert Benson]] of [[Harvard Medical School]] conducted a series of clinical tests on meditators from various disciplines, including the [[Transcendental Meditation technique]] and [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. In 1975, Benson published a book titled ''[[The Relaxation Response]]'' where he outlined his own version of meditation for relaxation.{{sfn|Benson|Klipper|2000}} Also in the 1970s, the American psychologist Patricia Carrington developed a similar technique called Clinically Standardized Meditation (CSM).<ref>{{cite book |title=Freedom in meditation |publisher=[[Anchor Books|Anchor Press]] |date=1977 |author=Patricia Carrington |isbn=978-0-385-11392-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/freedominmeditat0000carr }}</ref> In Norway, another sound-based method called [[Acem Meditation]] developed a psychology of meditation and has been the subject of several scientific studies.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Lagopoulos | first1=Jim | last2=Xu | first2=Jian | last3=Rasmussen | first3=Inge-Andre | last4=Vik | first4=Alexandra | last5=Malhi | first5=Gin S. | last6=Eliassen | first6=Carl Fredrik | last7=Arntsen | first7=Ingrid Edith | last8=Sæther | first8=Jardar G | last9=Saether | first9=JG | last10=Hollup | first10=Stig Arvid | last11=Holen | first11=Are | last12=Davanger | first12=Svend | last13=Ellingsen | first13=Øyvind | year=2009| title=Increased Theta and Alpha EEG Activity During Nondirective Meditation | journal=Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine | volume=15 | issue=11| pages=1187–92| doi=10.1089/acm.2009.0113 | pmid=19922249 }}</ref> [[Biofeedback]] has been used by many researchers since the 1950s in an effort to enter deeper states of mind.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Rubin | first1=Jeffrey B. | year=2001 | title=A New View of Meditation | journal=Journal of Religion and Health | volume=40 | issue=1| pages=121–28 | doi=10.1023/a:1012542524848| s2cid=32980899 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brandmeyer|first1=Tracy|last2=Delorme|first2=Arnaud|date=2013|title=Meditation and neurofeedback|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=4|page=688|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00688|pmid=24109463|pmc=3791377|issn=1664-1078|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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