Editing Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (section)

==== Environment ====
[[File:Global Biofuels Alliance at G20 New Delhi 2023.jpg|thumb|left|Launch of the [[Global Biofuel Alliance]] at the [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit]]]]
During his campaign, Lula pledged to end [[illegal logging]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Malleret|first=Constance|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/10/brazil-record-deforestation-amazon-rainforest-lula-bolsonaro|title=Record deforestation in Brazil's Amazon rainforest shows challenge facing Lula|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=10 March 2023|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421161715/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/10/brazil-record-deforestation-amazon-rainforest-lula-bolsonaro|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, Lula had presented a road map for curbing [[deforestation]]. It was part of "The Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon", which sought to decrease deforestation in the Amazon by 80% by 2020.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Oliveira Pires |first1=Mauro |last2=María Majano |first2=Ana |last3=José Gutiérrez |first3=María |title=Implementing prevention and control policies for reducing deforestation |url=https://transparency-partnership.net/sites/default/files/brazil_gpa_long_0.pdf |journal=Global Good Practice Analysis on LEDS, NAMAs and MRV |publisher=Partnership on Transparency in the Paris Agreement |pages=3 |access-date=23 January 2024 |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531010713/https://transparency-partnership.net/sites/default/files/brazil_gpa_long_0.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> This plan was largely responsible for the 83% decrease in the Amazon deforestation rate in the years 2004 through 2012, but it was suspended during Bolsonaro's presidency. Lula re-affirmed the plan's goals in his third term, with a new target of zero illegal deforestation by the year 2030.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brazil's Lula lays out plan to halt Amazon deforestation |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/06/06/brazils-lula-lays-out-plan-to-halt-amazon-deforestation-00100342 |website=Politico |date=6 June 2023 |publisher=ASSOCIATED PRESS |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620072230/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/06/06/brazils-lula-lays-out-plan-to-halt-amazon-deforestation-00100342 |url-status=live }}</ref> The plan includes different measures for creating a sustainable economy in the Amazon region, like [[bioeconomy]], rural credits and managed fishing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=Brazil's Lula lays out plan to halt Amazon deforestation, make country "global reference" on climate |url=https://apnews.com/article/brazil-climate-carbon-amazon-deforestation-marina-d24fdc687f8e1ef27da2265bf70aad2f |access-date=22 January 2024 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=22 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122234540/https://apnews.com/article/brazil-climate-carbon-amazon-deforestation-marina-d24fdc687f8e1ef27da2265bf70aad2f |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Amazon CIAT (5).jpg|thumb|The [[Amazon rainforest]] near [[Manaus]], Brazil]]

According to Amazon Conservation's MAAP forest monitoring programme, the deforestation rate in the Brazilian Amazon from the 1 January to the 8 November 2023 decreased by 59% in comparison to the same period in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Spring |first1=Jake |title=Climate boost: 2023 Amazon deforestation drops 55.8%, study finds |url=https://www.mynrination.com/brazil/2023/11/29/climate-boost-2023-amazon-deforestation-drops-558-study-finds |website=The NRI Nation |date=29 November 2023 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203133835/https://www.mynrination.com/brazil/2023/11/29/climate-boost-2023-amazon-deforestation-drops-558-study-finds |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Prange de Oliveira |first1=Astrid |title=The Amazon: Once again a Model of Climate Protection, even Beyond Brazil? |url=https://www.welthungerhilfe.org/global-food-journal/rubrics/climate-resources/amazon-a-model-for-climate-protection-again |website=WELTHUNGERHILFE.ORG |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030155812/https://www.welthungerhilfe.org/global-food-journal/rubrics/climate-resources/amazon-a-model-for-climate-protection-again |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Deforestation Down 40 Percent So Far This Year |url=https://e360.yale.edu/digest/amazon-deforestation-down-2023 |website=Yale Environment 360 |publisher=Yale School of the Environment |access-date=14 May 2023 |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513031307/https://e360.yale.edu/digest/amazon-deforestation-down-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2023 the deforestation rate was 66% lower than in July 2022. In the beginning of August Lula participated in the Belem summit,  8 Amazonian nations renewed [[Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization|the Amazon cooperation treaty]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon deforestation continues to fall under Lula |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2023/08/amazon-deforestation-continues-to-fall-under-lula/ |website=Mongabay |date=5 August 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806013514/https://news.mongabay.com/2023/08/amazon-deforestation-continues-to-fall-under-lula/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Update inline|date=January 2024}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watts |first1=Jonathan |title=Amazon deforestation falls over 60% compared with last July, says Brazilian minister |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/02/amazon-deforestation-falls-over-60-compared-with-last-july-says-brazilian-minister |access-date=6 August 2023 |agency=The Guardian |date=2 August 2023 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806070830/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/02/amazon-deforestation-falls-over-60-compared-with-last-july-says-brazilian-minister |url-status=live }}</ref>

However, there are concerns that illegal loggers have partly moved their action from the Amazon rainforest to [[Cerrado]], where the environmental destruction has increased.<ref>{{cite news |last1=LOGIURATTO |first1=Eugenia |title=Lula to host S.American summit on saving the Amazon |url=https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Lula_to_host_SAmerican_summit_on_saving_the_Amazon_999.html |access-date=6 August 2023 |agency=Terra Daily |date=5 August 2023 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806045217/https://www.terradaily.com/reports/Lula_to_host_SAmerican_summit_on_saving_the_Amazon_999.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

As a whole, the rate of primary forest loss declined in Brazil by 36% in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McGrath |first1=Matt |title=Climate change: Logging decline after political change in Brazil, Colombia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68716874 |access-date=7 April 2024 |agency=BBC}}</ref>

Bolsonaro had strongly cut spending for security in the Brazilian Amazon, and in 2022, 34 environmental defenders were murdered in this region. When Lula re-assumed office, he sent troops to restore law enforcement in the region. In October 2023, there were still "reports of violence, threats, torture, intimidation, attempts at criminalization and other non-lethal violations".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Alves |first1=Thiago |title=The Amazon: The most dangerous place in the world for environmental defenders |url=https://www.brazilreports.com/the-amazon-the-most-dangerous-place-in-the-world-for-environmental-defenders/5428/ |website=The Brazilian Report |date=14 October 2023 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207194015/https://brazilreports.com/the-amazon-the-most-dangerous-place-in-the-world-for-environmental-defenders/5428/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April, Biden pledged to give $500 million to the [[The Amazon Fund|Amazon Fund]] which was frozen during the rule of Bolsonaro and reactivated when Lula returned to power, to deal with [[climate change]]".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pozzebon|first1=Stefano|last2=John|first2=Tara|last3=Judd|first3=DJ|title=US President Joe Biden pledges $500 million to curb Amazon deforestation|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/20/americas/us-biden-amazon-fund-petro-intl-latam/index.html|access-date=21 April 2023|agency=CNN|date=20 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420223426/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/20/americas/us-biden-amazon-fund-petro-intl-latam/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[John Kerry]], the overall financial help from US to Brazil for stopping deforestation through different channels will be around 2 billion US dollars.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Silva|first1=Cede|title=Biden pledge USD 500 million for Amazon Fund|url=https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2023/04/20/biden-pledge-amazon-fund/|website=The Brazilian Report|date=20 April 2023|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420135014/https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2023/04/20/biden-pledge-amazon-fund/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lula and French president [[Emmanuel Macron]] agreed about cooperation between Brazil and France on different environmental issues, including the transmission of 1.1 billion dollars for preserving the Amazon rainforest.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Parolin |first1=Lucas |title=Macron, Lula strengthen climate pacts |url=https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news-and-insights/latest-market-news/2553982-macron-lula-strengthen-climate-pacts |access-date=7 April 2024 |agency=Argus |date=3 April 2024}}</ref>
[[File:21.01.2023 - Anúncio de ações emergenciais para a população Yanomami (52640430517).jpg|thumb|Lula visits the [[Yanomami|Yanomami people]] in the Brazilian state of [[Roraima]] during the [[Yanomami humanitarian crisis]] in January 2023]]
Lula pledged to recognize 14 new [[Indigenous territory (Brazil)|indigenous reserves]]. Six were recognized as of May 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hemingway Jaynes |first1=Cristen |title=Lula Recognizes Six New Brazilian Indigenous Reserves |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/lula-brazil-indigenous-reserves-mining.html |access-date=10 May 2023 |agency=Ecowatch |date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509005726/https://www.ecowatch.com/lula-brazil-indigenous-reserves-mining.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lula and American president Joe Biden committed to work together on the issue.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Unterstell|first1=Natalie|last2=Marie Oseland|first2=Karen|title=Comment: Biden and Lula want to save the Amazon. Will the private sector answer their call?|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/comment-biden-lula-want-save-amazon-will-private-sector-answer-their-call-2023-03-02/|access-date=21 April 2023|work=Reuters|date=2 March 2023|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421142248/https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/comment-biden-lula-want-save-amazon-will-private-sector-answer-their-call-2023-03-02/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Several hours after Lula talked about leaving fossil fuels at the [[2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] (also known as COP28), his government held an auction in which it offered 603 territorial blocks for oil extraction. The territories cover 2% of the territory of Brazil, overlap with many protected areas or areas belonging to indigenous people and can result in a release of 1 gigaton of CO2.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cabette Fabio |first1=Andre |title=Brazil oil auction angers activists after Lula's COP28 vow |url=https://www.context.news/net-zero/brazil-oil-auction-angers-activists-after-lulas-cop28-vow |access-date=9 January 2024 |agency=Context |date=15 December 2023 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218093455/https://www.context.news/net-zero/brazil-oil-auction-angers-activists-after-lulas-cop28-vow |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lula has expressed support for the paving of [[BR-319 (Brazil highway)|BR-319]], a project initiated by the Bolsonaro government. Although he argues that the project can be done sustainably, one study found that the road could enable [[deforestation]] on a scale of territory the size of [[Florida]] by 2030. A court blocked the project in July 2024, saying that the government lacked a plan to combat the deforestation that would follow the implementation of the project.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brazil court overturns Amazon highway decision |url=https://www.dw.com/en/brazil-court-overturns-amazon-highway-decision/a-69770605 |access-date=29 July 2024 |agency=Deutsche Welle |date=26 July 2024}}</ref>