Editing Lufthansa (section)

=== Hijackings and criminal events ===
* In 1972, the year of the [[1972 Summer Olympics|Munich Summer Olympics]], there were four reported hijackings involving Lufthansa aircraft:
** On 22 February, [[Lufthansa Flight 649|Flight 649]], a [[Boeing 747-200]] (registered D-ABYD) with 172 passengers and 15 crew members on board was hijacked en route from [[New Delhi]] to [[Athens]] (as part of a multi-leg flight from [[Tokyo]] to Frankfurt) by five [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] terrorists who then pressed for a $5 million ransom from the German government. The aircraft landed at [[Aden International Airport]], and the hostages were released on the following day once the demands of the perpetrators were accepted.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720222-1 February 1972 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114061345/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720222-1 |date=14 January 2012 }}. Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref><ref name=bbc>{{cite news |title=On This Day—23 February 1972: Hijackers surrender and free Lufthansa crew |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/23/newsid_2518000/2518731.stm |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2013 |publisher=BBC News |date=23 February 1972 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104211537/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/23/newsid_2518000/2518731.stm |archive-date=4 January 2022}}</ref>
** On 10 July, a similar hijacking attempt occurred on board a Lufthansa [[Boeing 737-100]] during a flight from Cologne to [[Munich]].<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720710-1 July 1972 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110212720/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720710-1 |date=10 November 2012 }}. Aviation-safety.net (10 July 1972). Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2013}}
** 11 October a [[Boeing 727]] was hijacked on a flight from [[Lisbon]] to Frankfurt. Upon landing at Frankfurt Airport, the perpetrator tried to flee but was captured by police forces.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19721011-0 October 1972 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021041805/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19721011-0 |date=21 October 2013 }}. Aviation-safety.net (11 October 1972). Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2013}}
** On 29 October, two men hijacked [[Lufthansa Flight 615|Flight 615]] with 11 other passengers and 7 crew members on board during a flight from [[Beirut]] to [[Ankara]] (and onwards to Germany), in order to liberate the three surviving members of the [[Black September (group)|Black September]] group responsible for the [[Munich massacre]]. Whilst the hijacked [[Boeing 727]] (registered D-ABIG) was forced to circle over [[Zagreb Airport]] in danger of eventual [[fuel starvation]], the West German authorities decided to comply with the demands. The prisoners were handed over and the aircraft was allowed to be flown to [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], where the hostages were released.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19721029-0 29 October 1972 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106220925/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19721029-0 |date=6 November 2012 }}. Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref><ref name="google8">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Bassett |first=Donna |editor-last=Chalk |editor-first=Peter |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Terrorism |title=Lufthansa Hijacking (1972) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wwPNjSnxcYC&pg=PA439 |access-date=28 February 2013 |year=2012 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |volume=2 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=978-0-313-30895-6 |pages=439–440 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129001759/https://books.google.com/books?id=-wwPNjSnxcYC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=faz>{{cite news |last=Sattar |first=Majid |date=9 November 2006 |title=Deutsche Geschichte(n): Folgen eines Anschlags |url=https://www.faz.net/themenarchiv/2.1198/deutsche-geschichte-n-folgen-eines-anschlags-1381601.html |url-status=dead |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |access-date=26 July 2013 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210031900/https://www.faz.net/themenarchiv/2.1198/deutsche-geschichte-n-folgen-eines-anschlags-1381601.html |archive-date=10 December 2011}}</ref>
* On 17 December 1973, in the wake of the events surrounding [[Pan Am Flight 110]], a parked Lufthansa [[Boeing 737]]-100 (registered D-ABEY) was hijacked at [[Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport]] in Rome. 10 Italian hostages that had been taken by [[Palestinian territories|Palestinian]] terrorists at the airport were forced into the aircraft by 5 perpetrators, and the German crew (2 pilots and 2 flight attendants) that was on board preparing the departure to [[Munich]] had to fly the aircraft instead first to [[Athens]] and then to several other airports until the ordeal ended at [[Kuwait International Airport]] the next day, where the hijackers surrendered.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19731217-0 1973 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618193810/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19731217-0 |date=18 June 2011 }}. Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Shenker |first=Israel |author-link=Israel Shenker |date=19 December 1973 |title=Arab Hijackers Land in Kuwait; Hostages Freed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/19/archives/arab-hijackers-land-in-kuwait-hostages-freed-in-return-5-guerrillas.html |url-status=live |work=The New York Times |page=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216052107/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/19/archives/arab-hijackers-land-in-kuwait-hostages-freed-in-return-5-guerrillas.html |archive-date=16 February 2022}}</ref>
* On 28 June 1977, a Lufthansa [[Boeing 727]] was hijacked during a flight from Frankfurt to [[Istanbul]] and forced to divert to [[Munich]].<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19770628-0 June 1977 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109055347/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19770628-0 |date=9 November 2012 }}. Aviation-safety.net (28 June 1977). Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2013}}
* The [[Lufthansa Flight 181|hijacking of the Landshut]] occurred on 13 October 1977, at a time when West Germany had come under intense terroristic pressure known as [[German Autumn]]. The [[Boeing 737]]-200 (registered D-ABCE) was hijacked en route Flight 181 from [[Palma de Mallorca]] to Frankfurt by 4 terrorists of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]], who thus wanted to force the German government to release several [[Red Army Faction|RAF]] terrorists. The crew had to divert the aircraft with 87 other passengers first to Rome, and then onwards to [[Larnaca]], Bahrain, [[Dubai]], [[Aden]] (where the captain was killed when he returned to the aircraft after negotiations with the local authorities), and finally to [[Mogadishu]] in an ordeal that took several days. At [[Aden Adde International Airport|Mogadishu Airport]], the German [[GSG 9]] special forces stormed the aircraft in the early hours of 18 October local time, killing 3 terrorists and freeing all hostages.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author=<!--Author name on p. 442 not visible in Google Books preview.--> |editor-last=Chalk |editor-first=Peter |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Terrorism |title=Lufthansa Hijacking (1977) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wwPNjSnxcYC&pg=PA440 |access-date=28 February 2013 |year=2012 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |volume=2 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=978-0-313-30895-6 |pages=440–442 |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411101240/https://books.google.com/books?id=-wwPNjSnxcYC&pg=PA440 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19771013-0 Flight 181 at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110213303/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19771013-0 |date=10 November 2012 }}. Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref>
*On 11 December 1978, Lufthansa was the victim of a major heist (robbery) at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]. The [[Lufthansa heist]] led to Lufthansa losing about US$5 million.
* On 12 September 1979, a hijacking attempt occurred on board a Lufthansa Boeing 727 on a flight from Frankfurt to Cologne, but the perpetrator quickly surrendered.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19790912-2 1979 hijacking attempt at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021042206/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19790912-2 |date=21 October 2013 }}. Aviation-safety.net (12 September 1979). Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2013}}
* Three hijackings occurred in due course in early 1985:
** On 27 February, a Boeing 727 was hijacked en route a Lufthansa flight from Frankfurt to [[Damascus]]. Two perpetrators forced the pilots to divert the aircraft (with 35 other passengers on board) to [[Vienna International Airport]], where they surrendered.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850227-0 February 1985 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109081502/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850227-0 |date=9 November 2012 }}. Aviation-safety.net (27 February 1985). Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2013}}
** On 27 March, another 727 was hijacked, this time on a flight from Munich to [[Athens]]. A man demanded the pilots to divert to [[Libya]]. During a fuel stop at [[Istanbul]], the aircraft was stormed and the perpetrator arrested.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850327-0 March 1985 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109061435/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850327-0 |date=9 November 2012 }}. Aviation-safety.net (27 March 1985). Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2013}}
** Only two days later, a mentally ill person on board a Lufthansa [[Boeing 737]]-200 on a flight from [[Hamburg]] to London demanded to be taken to Hawaii instead.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850329-2 March 1985 hijacking attempt at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316002525/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850329-2 |date=16 March 2012 }}. Aviation-safety.net (29 March 1985). Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2013}}
* On 11 February 1993, [[Lufthansa Flight 592]] from Frankfurt to [[Addis Ababa]] via [[Cairo]] with 94 passengers and 10 crew members was hijacked during the first leg by 20-year-old Nebiu Zewolde Demeke, who forced the pilots to divert the [[Airbus A310]] (registered D-AIDM) to the United States, with the intent of securing the [[right of asylum]] there. Demeke, who had been on the flight to be [[deportation|deported]] back to his native [[Ethiopia]], surrendered to authorities upon arrival at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] in New York City. No passengers or crew members were harmed during the 12-hour ordeal.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930211-0 Flight 595 at the Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918073142/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930211-0 |date=18 September 2011 }}. Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved on 8 July 2011.</ref>