Editing Emperor (section)

===Vietnam===
{{Main|Emperor of Vietnam}}
[[File:Emperor Bảo Đại on his throne (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Emperor [[Bao Dai]], the last emperor of Vietnam]]
[[Đại Việt|Đại Việt Kingdom]] (40–43, 544–602, 938–1407, 1427–1945) (The first ruler of [[Vietnam]] to take the title of Emperor (Hoàng Đế) was the founder of the [[Early Lý dynasty]], [[Lý Nam Đế]], in the year AD 544)

Ngô Quyền, the first ruler of [[Đại Việt]] as an independent state, used the title ''Vương'' (王, ''King''). However, after the death of Ngô Quyền, the country immersed in a civil war known as [[Anarchy of the 12 Warlords]] that lasted for over 20 years. In the end, [[Đinh Bộ Lĩnh]] unified the country after defeating all the warlords and became the first ruler of Đại Việt to use the title ''Hoàng Đế'' (皇帝, ''Emperor'') in 968. Succeeding rulers in Vietnam then continued to use this Emperor title until 1806 when this title was stopped being used for a century.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dutton |first=George |date=2016 |title=From civil war to uncivil peace: The Vietnamese army and the early Nguyễn state (1802–1841) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26596471 |journal=South East Asia Research |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=167–184 |doi=10.1177/0967828X16649042 |jstor=26596471 |s2cid=148779423 |issn=0967-828X}}</ref>

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was not the first to claim the title of ''Hoàng Đế'' (皇帝, ''Emperor''). Before him, [[Lý Bí]] and [[Mai Thúc Loan]] also claimed this title. However, their rules were short-lived.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

The Vietnamese emperors also gave this title to their ancestors who were lords or influential figures in the previous dynasty, as did the Chinese emperors. This practice was one of the many indications that Vietnam considered itself an equal to China which remained intact up to the twentieth century.<ref>{{citation|author=Tuyet Nhung Tran, Anthony J. S. Reid|title=Việt Nam Borderless Histories|year=2006|publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison, Wisconsin|isbn=978-0-299-21770-9|page=67}}</ref>

In 1802 the newly established [[Nguyễn dynasty]] requested canonization from the Chinese [[Jiaqing Emperor]] and received the title ''Quốc Vương'' (國王, ''King of a State)'' and the name of the country as ''Việt Nam'' (越南) instead ''Đại Việt'' (大越). To avoid unnecessary armed conflicts, the Vietnamese rulers accepted this in diplomatic relation and [[Emperor at home, king abroad|used the title Emperor only domestically]]. However, Vietnamese rulers never accepted the vassalage relationship with China and always refused to come to Chinese courts to pay homage to Chinese rulers (a sign of vassalage acceptance). China waged a number of wars against Vietnam throughout history, and after each failure, settled for the tributary relationship. The [[Yuan dynasty]] under [[Kublai Khan]] waged three wars against Vietnam to force it into a vassalage relationship but after successive failures, Kublai Khan's successor, [[Temür Khan]], finally settled for a tributary relationship with Vietnam. Vietnam sent tributary missions to China once in three years (with some periods of disruptions) until the 19th century, [[Sino-French War]] France replaced China in control of northern Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hurst |first=Ryan |date=2009-05-20 |title=Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) • |url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/nigerian-civil-war-1967-1970/ |access-date=2023-06-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The emperors of the last dynasty of Vietnam continued to hold this title until the French conquered Vietnam. The emperor, however, was then a puppet figure only and could easily be disposed of by the French for more pro-France figure. Japan took Vietnam from France and the [[Axis powers|Axis]]-occupied Vietnam was declared an [[Empire of Vietnam|empire]] by the Japanese in March 1945. The line of emperors came to an end with [[Bảo Đại]], who was deposed after the war, although he later served as head of state of [[South Vietnam]] from 1949 to 1955.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vietnam: A Television History; America's Mandarin (1954–1963); Interview with Ngo Dinh Luyen|url=http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_FF5BADFE44A0417BAA2F1F9C6F206209|access-date=2020-11-27|website=openvault.wgbh.org}}</ref>