Editing Chengdu (section)

==Economy==
{{Update section|date=September 2024}}
[[File:Chengdu 1989 CIA.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Map of Chengdu showing infrastructures and land use, made by the [[CIA]] in 1989. Note that city mostly ends at what is today's second ring road.]]
[[File:The entrance of Chunxi street Chengdu.jpg|thumb|right|[[Chunxi Road]]]]
China's state council has designated Chengdu as the country's western center of logistics, commerce, finance, science and technology, as well as a hub of transportation and communication. It is also an important base for manufacturing and agriculture.

According to the World Bank's 2007 survey report on global investment environments, Chengdu was declared "a benchmark city for investment environment in inland China."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chengduinvest.gov.cn/en/htm/detail.asp?id=10297 |title= Welcome to Invest Chengdu!|website=chengduinvest.gov.cn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603010306/http://www.chengduinvest.gov.cn/en/htm/detail.asp?id=10297 |archive-date=3 June 2013}}</ref>

Also based on a research report undertaken by the Nobel economics laureate, Dr. [[Robert Mundell]] and the celebrated Chinese economist, [[Li Yining]], published by the State Information Center in 2010, Chengdu has become an "engine" of the Western Development Program, a benchmark city for investment environment in inland China, and a major leader in new urbanization.<ref>{{Cite web |title="欧元之父"蒙代尔：成都处于经济繁荣期--财经--人民网 |url=http://finance.people.com.cn/n/2013/0606/c1004-21767097.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=finance.people.com.cn |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629105625/http://finance.people.com.cn/n/2013/0606/c1004-21767097.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2010, 12 of the Fortune 500 companies, including ANZ Bank, Nippon Steel Corporation, and Electricité de France, have opened offices, branches, or operation centers in Chengdu, the largest number in recent years. Meanwhile, the Fortune 500 companies that have opened offices in Chengdu, including JP Morgan Chase,<ref>{{Cite web |title=摩根大通成立成都分行 挺进中国西部_新浪尚品_新浪网 |url=http://style.sina.com.cn/news/2009-09-14/093648849.shtml |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=style.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Henkel,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=成都前4月利用外资占西部四成 {{!}} 每经网 |url=https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2010-05-18/277308.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=www.nbd.com.cn |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907212717/https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2010-05-18/277308.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and GE,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美国通用电气成都首个全球创新中心年底启动_四川经济_四川站_凤凰网 |url=http://biz.ifeng.com/city/sc/finance/sichuanjingji/detail_2011_06/30/49563_0.shtml |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=biz.ifeng.com |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907212641/http://biz.ifeng.com/city/sc/finance/sichuanjingji/detail_2011_06/30/49563_0.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> increased their investment and upgraded the involvement of their branches in Chengdu. By the end of 2010, over 200 Fortune 500 companies had set up branches in Chengdu, ranking it first in terms of the number of Fortune 500 companies in Central and Western China. Of these, 149 are foreign enterprises and 40 are domestic companies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=成都有200家世界500强企业进入 ——中新网 |url=https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2011/07-29/3218233.shtml |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=www.chinanews.com.cn |archive-date=10 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410212601/https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2011/07-29/3218233.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":12" />

According to the 2010 [[AmCham China]] White Paper on the State of American Business in China, Chengdu has become a top investment destination in China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 American Business in China White Paper |url=https://www.amchamchina.org/white_paper/2010-american-business-in-china-white-paper/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=AmCham China |language=en-US |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907212718/https://www.amchamchina.org/white_paper/2010-american-business-in-china-white-paper/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The main industries in Chengdu—including machinery, automobile, medicine, food, and information technology—are supported by numerous large-scale enterprises. In addition, an increasing number of high-tech enterprises from outside Chengdu have also settled down there.<ref>{{Cite web |title="成都制造"越来越响"成都智造"越来越亮 |url=https://cddrc.chengdu.gov.cn/cdfgw/fzggdt/2022-12/21/content_fa2fa19d15214c3a85f825ffdafc9404.shtml |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Chengdu Municipal Development and Reform Commission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=全球争抢制造业！成都怎么突围？_中国政务 |url=http://zw.china.com.cn/2022-11/30/content_78545042.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=China News Service Sichuan Branch |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907212643/http://zw.china.com.cn/2022-11/30/content_78545042.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Taikoo Li and IFS at the city centre.jpg|thumb|upright|Taikoo Li and IFS, downtown Chengdu]]
Chengdu is becoming one of the favorite cities for investment in Central and Western China.<ref name="finance.ifeng.com">{{cite web|title=Chengdu Leading the West (in Chinese)|url=http://finance.ifeng.com/city/cd/20091021/1357840.shtml|date=21 October 2009|access-date=22 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025033341/http://finance.ifeng.com/city/cd/20091021/1357840.shtml|archive-date=25 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Among the world's 500 largest companies, 133 multinational enterprises have had subsidiaries or branch offices in Chengdu by October 2009.<ref name="finance.ifeng.com"/> These MNEs include Intel, Cisco, Sony and Toyota that have assembly and manufacturing bases, as well as Motorola, Ericsson, and Microsoft that have R&D centers in Chengdu.<ref name="finance.ifeng.com"/> The [[National Development and Reform Commission]] has formally approved Chengdu's proposed establishment of a national bio-industry base there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=我国新设9个国家生物产业基地 |url=https://www.gov.cn/banshi/2007-06/18/content_651754.htm |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=www.gov.cn |archive-date=25 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225131238/http://www.gov.cn/banshi/2007-06/18/content_651754.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The government of Chengdu had unveiled a plan to create a 90-billion-CNY bio pharmaceutical sector by 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=成都：到2012年实现生物医药产业经济总量900亿元-搜狐新闻 |url=https://news.sohu.com/20091119/n268336318.shtml |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=news.sohu.com |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907213145/https://news.sohu.com/20091119/n268336318.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> China's aviation industries have begun construction of a high-tech industrial park in the city that will feature space and aviation technology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=我国首个空天高技术产业基地在成都高新区开园 |url=https://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2007-08/18/content_720572.htm |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China |archive-date=23 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823183034/http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2007-08/18/content_720572.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The local government plans to attract overseas and domestic companies for service outsourcing and become a well-known service outsourcing base in China and worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-16 |title=成都市人民政府关于促进成都服务外包发展的若干意见 |url=https://www.cdwh.gov.cn/wuhou/c124011/2014-02/16/content_87b7231240f141ccb4cf8b8dc3ffc166.shtml |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Chengdu City Wuhou District People's Government}}</ref>

In the middle of the 2000s, the city expanded urban infrastructure and services to nearby rural communities in an effort to improve rural living conditions.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Abramson |first=Daniel Benjamin |title=Greening East Asia: The Rise of the Eco-Developmental State |date=2020 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=978-0-295-74791-0 |editor-last=Esarey |editor-first=Ashley |location=Seattle |chapter=Eco-Developmentalism in China's Chengdu Plain |jstor=j.ctv19rs1b2 |editor-last2=Haddad |editor-first2=Mary Alice |editor-last3=Lewis |editor-first3=Joanna I. |editor-last4=Harrell |editor-first4=Stevan}}</ref>{{Rp|page=167}}

===Electronics and IT industries===
Chengdu has long been an established national electronics and IT industry hub. Chengdu's growth accelerated alongside the growth of China's domestic telecom services sector, which along with India's together account for over 70 percent of the world telecommunications market. Several key national electronics R&D institutes are located in Chengdu. Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone has attracted a variety of multinationals, at least 30 [[Fortune 500]] companies and 12,000 domestic companies, including [[Intel]], [[IBM]], [[Cisco]], [[Nokia]], [[Motorola]], [[SAP AG|SAP]], [[Siemens]], [[Canon (company)|Canon]], [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]], [[Xerox]], [[Microsoft]], [[Tieto]], [[NIIT]], [[MediaTek]], and [[Wipro]], as well as domestic powerhouses such as [[Lenovo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Branches of Fortune 500 Businesses in Chengdu|url=http://www.investchengdu.gov.cn/investcden/12/4/200710/t20071029_6519.htm|publisher=Investchengdu.gov.cn|access-date=10 December 2013|date=29 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20081208151125/http://www.investchengdu.gov.cn/investcden/12/4/200710/t20071029_6519.htm|archive-date=8 December 2008}}</ref> [[Dell]] opened its second major China operations center in 2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=戴尔在成都建全球运营基地-中国青年报 |url=https://zqb.cyol.com/html/2011-03/24/nw.D110000zgqnb_20110324_5-06.htm |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=zqb.cyol.com |archive-date=24 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924182855/https://zqb.cyol.com/html/2011-03/24/nw.D110000zgqnb_20110324_5-06.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> in Chengdu as its center in [[Xiamen]] expands in 2010.<ref name="Dell">{{cite web |url=http://content.dell.com/us/en/gen/d/secure/2010-09-16-chengdu.aspx?c=us&l=en&s=gen |title=Dell To Build Flagship Manufacturing and Customer Support Center in Chengdu To Support Western China Growth; Expands Xiamen Operations |publisher=[[Dell]] |date=16 September 2010 |access-date=24 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928031651/http://content.dell.com/us/en/gen/d/secure/2010-09-16-chengdu.aspx?c=us&l=en&s=gen |archive-date=28 September 2010}}</ref>

Intel Capital acquired a strategic stake in Primetel, Chengdu's first foreign technology company in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=贝瑞特布局中国英特尔巨资西部造芯_滚动新闻_财经纵横_新浪网 |url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20030901/1053428734.shtml |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=finance.sina.com.cn |archive-date=23 March 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050323202532/http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20030901/1053428734.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=sina_mobile |date=2004-12-29 |title=向西--英特尔移情成都启示录 |url=https://finance.sina.cn/sa/2004-12-29/detail-ikkntiak8654900.d.html?from=wap |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=finance.sina.cn}}</ref> Intel's Chengdu factory, set up in 2005 is its second in China, after its Shanghai factory, and the first such large-scale foreign investment in the electronics industry in interior mainland China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=郑惠敏 |date=2020-12-09 |title=与英特尔携手共度17载，成都高新打造万亿级电子信息产业集群 |url=https://cn.technode.com/post/2020-12-09/intel-chengdu-high-tech/ |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=动点科技 |language=zh-CN}}</ref> Intel, the world's largest chipmaker, has invested US$600&nbsp;million in two assembly and testing facilities in Chengdu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=郑惠敏 |date=2020-12-09 |title=与英特尔携手共度17载，成都高新打造万亿级电子信息产业集群 |url=https://cn.technode.com/post/2020-12-09/intel-chengdu-high-tech/ |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=动点科技 |language=zh-CN}}</ref> Following the footsteps of Intel, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), the world's third largest [[Semiconductor fabrication plant|foundry]], set up an assembly and testing plant in Chengdu in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=中芯国际-中芯国际成都公司封装测试厂开业典礼 |url=http://smic.shwebspace.com/site/news_read/2458 |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=smic.shwebspace.com}}</ref> [[AMD]], Intel's rival, had set up an R&D center in this city in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMD亚洲第二大研发中心选址成都_新闻中心_新浪网 |url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-02-01/051913365304s.shtml |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=news.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cnBeta |title=AMD亚洲第二大研发中心正式落户成都 - AMD |url=https://www.cnbeta.com.tw/articles/tech/48419.htm |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=cnBeta.COM |language=zh-CN}}</ref>

In November 2006, IBM signed an agreement with the Chengdu High-Tech Zone to establish a Global Delivery Center, its fourth in China after [[Dalian]], [[Shanghai]] and [[Shenzhen]], within the [[Chengdu Tianfu Software Park]]. Scheduled to be operational by February 2007, this new center will provide multilingual application development and maintenance services to clients globally in English, Japanese and Chinese, and to the IBM Global Procurement Center, recently located to the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen.<ref>{{cite web|title=IBM Expands Global Delivery Capabilities to Inland China|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20680.wss|publisher=IBM Press Room|date=27 November 2006|access-date=28 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130001750/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20680.wss|archive-date=30 November 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 23 March 2008, IBM announced at the "West China Excellent Enterprises CEO Forum" that the southwest working team of [[IBM Global Business Services]] is now formally stationed in Chengdu. On 28 May 2008, Zhou Weikun, president of IBM China disclosed that IBM Chengdu would increase its staff number from the present 600 to nearly 1,000 by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:IBM 成都分公司|url=http://www-900.ibm.com/cn/chengdu/brief.shtml|publisher=IBM Press Room| language = zh-hans|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070504090139/http://www-900.ibm.com/cn/chengdu/brief.shtml|archive-date=4 May 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IBM to Further Investment in Chengdu|url=http://english.sc.gov.cn/news/briefs/200806/t20080603_286242.shtml|publisher=People's Government of Sichuan Province|access-date=17 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206073934/http://english.sc.gov.cn/news/briefs/200806/t20080603_286242.shtml|archive-date=6 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In July 2019, [[Amazon Web Services]], the cloud computing company, signed a deal with the Chengdu High-Tech Zone to establish an innovation center. This project was intended to attract international business and enterprise into the area, promote cloud computing in China, and develop artificial intelligence technologies.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|date=2019-07-12|title=Chengdu Hi-tech Zone, Amazon to put up a Joint Innovation Centre in China|url=https://www.frontier-enterprise.com/chengdu-hi-tech-zone-amazon-to-put-up-a-joint-innovation-centre-in-china/|access-date=2020-09-01|website=Frontier Enterprise|language=en-US|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124210845/https://www.frontier-enterprise.com/chengdu-hi-tech-zone-amazon-to-put-up-a-joint-innovation-centre-in-china/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chengdu-Amazon AWS Joint Innovation Center|url=https://www.amazonaws.cn/en/jib/chengdu/|access-date=2020-09-01|publisher=Amazon Web Services, Inc.|language=en-US|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128013628/https://www.amazonaws.cn/en/jib/chengdu/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Chengdu is a major base for communication infrastructure, with one of China's nine top level postal centers and one of six national telecom exchanges hub.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

In 2009, Chengdu hosted the [[World Cyber Games]] Grand Finals (11–15 November). It was the first time China hosted the world's largest computer and video game tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=WCG 2009 in Chengdu, China|url=http://www.sk-gaming.com/content/16573-WCG_2009_in_Chengdu_China|publisher=Sk-gaming.com|access-date=10 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111060408/http://www.sk-gaming.com/content/16573-WCG_2009_in_Chengdu_China|archive-date=11 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Financial industry===
Chengdu is a leading financial hub in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 35th globally and 6th in China after ([[Shanghai]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Beijing]], [[Shenzhen]] and [[Guangzhou]]) in the 2021 [[Global Financial Centres Index]].<ref name="GFCI2" /> Chengdu has attracted a large number of foreign financial institutions, including [[Citigroup]], [[HSBC]], [[Standard Chartered Bank]], [[JPMorgan Chase]], [[Australia and New Zealand Banking Group|ANZ]] and [[MUFG Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|title=More foreign banks arrive as Chengdu becomes financial hub[1]{{!}}chinadaily.com.cn|url=http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2014-10/30/content_18828629.htm|access-date=2020-09-01|website=europe.chinadaily.com.cn|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128054101/http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2014-10/30/content_18828629.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Australia and New Zealand Banking Group|ANZ]]'s data services center, established in 2011 in Chengdu, employs over 800 people, and in March 2019 the bank recruited further staff to support its data analytics and [[big data]] efforts.<ref>{{cite web|title=ANZ looks to China to help understand its data|url=https://www.itnews.com.au/news/anz-looks-to-china-to-help-understand-its-data-520538|access-date=2020-09-01|website=iTnews|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815074111/https://www.itnews.com.au/news/anz-looks-to-china-to-help-understand-its-data-520538|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, ANZ temporarily repurposed its Chengdu data center to an IT helpdesk, as part of the bank's pandemic response.<ref>{{cite web|title=Working remotely: ANZ's network affect|url=https://bluenotes.anz.com/posts/2020/05/gerard-florian-technology-working-from-home-covid19-coronavirus|access-date=2020-09-01|website=bluenotes.anz.com|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813204033/https://bluenotes.anz.com/posts/2020/05/gerard-florian-technology-working-from-home-covid19-coronavirus|url-status=live}}</ref>

Historically, Chengdu has marked its name in the history of financial innovation. The world's first paper [[currency]] 'Jiao Zi' was seen in Chengdu in the year 1023, during the [[Song dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=成都交子：一张纸，铺开连接世界的金融大格局-新华网 |url=http://www.sc.xinhuanet.com/20240110/8cd1c0688b744a62b8f9b07c33a746f7/c.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Xinhua News Agency |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907213304/http://www.sc.xinhuanet.com/20240110/8cd1c0688b744a62b8f9b07c33a746f7/c.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Now, Chengdu is not only the gateway of Western China for foreign financial institutions, but also a booming town for Chinese domestic financial firms. The Chinese monetary authority, [[People's Bank of China]] (China's central bank), set its southwestern China headquarters in Chengdu City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=徐锟 |title=21深度｜央行分支机构改革40年 |url=https://china.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202308/18/WS64df796da3109d7585e49d8c.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=China Daily |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907213152/https://china.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202308/18/WS64df796da3109d7585e49d8c.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, almost all domestic banks and securities brokerage firms located their regional headquarters or branches in Chengdu. At the same time, the local financial firms of Chengdu are strengthening their presences nationally, notably, Huaxi Securities, Sinolink Securities, and Bank of Chengdu. Moreover, on top of banks and brokerage firms, the flourish of local economy lured more and more financial service firms to the city to capitalise on the economic growth. Grant Thornton, KPMG, PWC and Ernst & Young are the four global accountants and business advisers with Western China head offices in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=普华永道落户成都 四大会所齐聚四川 |url=https://www.bdo.com.cn/en-gb/%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF/%E6%99%AE%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%B8%E9%81%93%E8%90%BD%E6%88%B7%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD-%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E6%89%80%E9%BD%90%E8%81%9A%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=www.bdo.com.cn |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907213309/https://www.bdo.com.cn/en-gb/%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF/%E6%99%AE%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%B8%E9%81%93%E8%90%BD%E6%88%B7%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD-%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E6%89%80%E9%BD%90%E8%81%9A%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deloitte's West China business headquarters is located in Chengdu Hi-tech Zone with a total investment of 1.6 billion yuan |url=https://www.cdht.gov.cn/cdht/c139818/2023-04/26/content_d65d82aa76cb44c38b12cd74783b203a.shtml |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Chengdu Hi-Tech Zone Management Committee}}</ref>

It is expected that by 2012, value-added financial services will make up 14 percent of the added-value service industry and 7 percent of the regional GDP. By 2015, those figures are expected to grow to 18 percent and 9 percent respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall economic performance of Chengdu in 2015 |url=https://cddrc.chengdu.gov.cn/cdfgw/c120843/2016-02/26/content_0c6be8db863546488697c78a628df300.shtml |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Chengdu Municipal Development and Reform Commission}}</ref>

===Modern logistic industry===
Because of its logistic infrastructure, professional network, and resources in science, technology, and communication, Chengdu has become home to 43 foreign-funded logistic enterprises, including UPS, TNT, DHL, and Maersk, as well as a number of well-known domestic logistic enterprises including COSCO, CSCL, SINOTRANS, CRE, Transfar Group, South Logistic Group, YCH, and STO. By 2012, the logistic industry in Chengdu will realize a value added of RMB 50 billion, with an average annual growth exceeding 18 percent. Ten new international direct flights will be in service; five railways for five-scheduled block container trains will be put into operation; and 50 large logistic enterprises are expected to have annual operation revenue exceeding RMB 100 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=我市召开第三方物流发展工作电视电话会议_新闻中心_新浪网 |url=https://news.sina.com.cn/o/2011-01-06/071121768200.shtml |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=news.sina.com.cn |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907213154/https://news.sina.com.cn/o/2011-01-06/071121768200.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=经济日报多媒体数字报刊 |url=http://paper.ce.cn/jjrb/html/2010-12/01/content_128637.htm |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=paper.ce.cn |archive-date=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516205133/http://paper.ce.cn/jjrb/html/2010-12/01/content_128637.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Modern business and trade===
Chengdu is the largest trade center in western China with a market covering all of Sichuan province, exerting influence on six provinces, cities, and districts in western China. Chengdu ranks first among cities in western China in terms of the scale of foreign investment in commerce and trade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=sina_mobile |date=2009-10-09 |title=四川成都实际使用外资中西部城市居首 |url=https://finance.sina.cn/sa/2009-10-09/detail-ikkntiam4601203.d.html?from=wap |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=finance.sina.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14 |title=从西部内陆城市到国际新兴城市：成都"千年之变"的世界雄心 |url=https://cdo.develpress.com/?p=8220 |access-date=2024-12-31 |language=zh-CN}}</ref> By 2012, total retail sales of consumer goods in Chengdu reached RMB 331.77&nbsp;billion, up 16 percent annually on average.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-03-21 |title=关于成都市2012年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况及2013年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告 |url=https://cddrc.chengdu.gov.cn/cdsfzggw/jhbg/2013-03/21/content_2de5432a91694601835366e377f88d47.shtml |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=cddrc.chengdu.gov.cn}}</ref>

===Convention and exhibition industry===
Boasting the claim as "China's Famous Exhibition City" and "China's Most Competitive Convention and Exhibition City", Chengdu takes the lead in central and western China for its scale of convention economy.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14 |title=从西部内陆城市到国际新兴城市：成都"千年之变"的世界雄心 |url=https://cdo.develpress.com/?p=8220#:~:text=%E5%9C%A82017%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A,%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BC%9A%E5%B1%95%E4%B9%8B%E9%83%BD%E3%80%82 |access-date=2024-12-31 |language=zh-CN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=从成都的机遇到机遇的成都 产业结构调整的成都样本 _中国经济网——国家经济门户 |url=http://intl.ce.cn/sjjj/201303/22/t20130322_559539_1.shtml |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=intl.ce.cn}}</ref> It has been recognized as one of the three largest convention and exhibition cities in China.<ref name=":14" /> In 2010, direct revenue from the convention and exhibition industry was RMB 3.21&nbsp;billion, with a year-on-year growth of 27.8 percent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-10 |title=2010年成都会展产业收入超32亿，带动消费272亿元 |url=http://www.cnena.com/news/bencandy-htm-fid-3-id-1844.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=cnena.com}}</ref> The growth reached a historical high.

===Software and service outsourcing industry===
In 2006, Chengdu was listed as one of the first service outsourcing base cities in China by the [[Ministry of Science and Technology (China)|Ministry of Science and Technology]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=成都正式进入首批"中国服务外包基地城市"-科技部火炬中心 |url=http://www.chinatorch.gov.cn/kjb/dfdt/200610/e1cb2718ceee4665ac158821025a0ad2.shtml |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=www.chinatorch.gov.cn}}</ref> Among the Top 10 service outsourcing enterprises in the world, Accenture, IBM, and Wipro are based in Chengdu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=人民日报海外版-人民网 |url=http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2016-12/23/content_1738260.htm |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=paper.people.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=华西都市报—全球百强外包企业 21 家落户成都 |url=https://history.thecover.cn/shtml/hxdsb/20120905/19532.shtml |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=history.thecover.cn}}</ref> In addition, 20 international enterprises including Motorola, Ubi Soft Entertainment, and Agilent, have set up internal shared service centers or R&D centers in Chengdu.<ref>{{Cite web |title="三外"有效联动——四川省开放型经济昂首前行 |url=https://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2011-12/07/content_2013372.htm |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=www.gov.cn}}</ref> Maersk Global Document Processing Center and Logistic Processing Sub-center, DHL Chengdu Service Center, Financial Accounting Center for DHL China, and Siemens Global IT Operation Center will be put into operation.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=2010年成都服务外包位居西部第一 |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/dfpd/sc/2011-02/22/content_12060782.htm |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> In 2010, offshore service outsourcing in Chengdu realized a registered contract value of US$336&nbsp;million, 99 percent higher than the previous year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=sina_mobile |date=2011-02-22 |title=2010年成都市离岸外包金额居西部示范城市第一位 |url=https://finance.sina.cn/sa/2011-02-22/detail-ikftpnnx9662796.d.html?from=wap |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=finance.sina.cn}}</ref><ref name=":15" />

===New energy industry===
Chengdu was granted the title "National High-Tech Industry Base for New Energy Industry" (新能源产业国家高技术产业基地) by the [[National Development and Reform Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=成都获批"新能源产业国家高技术产业基地" |url=http://www.caam.org.cn/chn/8/cate_82/con_5039124.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=www.caam.org.cn}}</ref> Chengdu ranked first again in the list of China's 15 "Cities with Highest Investment Value for New Energies" released at the beginning of 2011, and Shuangliu County under its jurisdiction entered "2010 China's Top 100 Counties of New Energies".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2011-01-11 |title=2010中国新能源产业经济发展年会在北京召开 |url=https://finance.sina.cn/sa/2011-01-11/detail-ikftpnnx9812816.d.html?from=wap |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=finance.sina.cn}}</ref> In 2012, Chengdu's new energy industry reached an investment over 20&nbsp;billion RMB and sales revenue of 50&nbsp;billion RMB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2012年成都新能源产业将实现销售收入550亿 - 第一电动网 |url=https://d1ev.com/news/shichang/1150 |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=d1ev.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=成都力争2012年新能源产业销售收入达550亿元——中新网 |url=https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/cj-cyzh/news/2009/12-03/1998545.shtml |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=www.chinanews.com.cn}}</ref>

===Electronics and information industry===
Chengdu is home to the most competitive IT industry cluster in western China, an important integrated circuit industry base in China, and one of the five major national software industry bases.<ref>{{Cite web |title=我国产业转移升级促进更高质量就业：以成都为例_皮书数据库 |url=https://pssjk.bnu.edu.cn/databasedetail?SiteID=14&contentId=1534710&contentType=literature&type=&subLibID= |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=pssjk.bnu.edu.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=四川日报 |date=2024-10-28 |title=成都高新区：加快建设一流高科技产业园区和产业科技创新高地 |url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/jjxw/2024-10-28/doc-inctzxpk3196793.shtml |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=finance.sina.com.cn}}</ref>

Manufacturing chains are already formed in integrated circuits, optoelectronics displays, digital video & audio, optical communication products, and original-equipment products of electronic terminals,<ref>{{Cite web |title=成都吸引电子信息产业大项目的秘诀 - 媒体报道 |url=https://www.huazhoucn.com/news/35342.htm |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=www.huazhoucn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=成都市"十四五"数字经济发展规划：搭建成都数字经济发展路径，形成"3+1+2"任务体系，推动数字经济"6个核心产业+7个新兴优势产业+6个未来赛道"协同发展 – 智慧城市行业分析 |url=https://www.smartcity.team/policies/digitaleconomy/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%94%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |language=zh-Hans}}</ref> including companies as IBM, Intel, Texas Instruments, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia, Ericsson, Dell, Lenovo, Foxconn, Compal, and Wistron.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-05 |title=2017第11届中国成都橡塑及包装工业展览会 |url=http://www.chemn.com:8080/dqhuanan/showmeeting/mdetail_2274.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=开门化工网}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-15 |title=英特尔蝴蝶效应发酵成都冲击IT第三极 |url=https://finance.sina.cn/sa/2012-09-15/detail-ikftpnnx7564297.d.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=finance.sina.cn}}</ref>

===Automobile industry===
Chengdu has built a comprehensive automobile industry system, and preliminarily formed a system integrated with trade, exhibitions, entertainment, R&D, and manufacturing of spare parts and whole vehicles (e.g., sedans, coaches, sport utility vehicles, trucks, special vehicles). There are whole vehicle makers, such as Dongfeng-PSA (Peugeot-Citroën), Volvo, FAW-Volkswagen, FAW-Toyota, Yema, and Sinotruk Wangpai, as well as nearly 200 core parts makers covering German, Japanese, and other lines of vehicles.

In 2011, Volvo announced that its first manufacturing base in China with an investment of RMB 5.4&nbsp;billion was to be built in Chengdu. By 2015, the automobile production capacity of Chengdu's Comprehensive Function Zone of Automobile Industry is expected to reach 700,000 vehicles and 1.25&nbsp;million in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=沃尔沃拟在成都投资54亿元建生产基地 |trans-title=Volvo plans to invest 5.4 billion yuan to build a production base in Chengdu |url=https://m.yicai.com/news/692098.html |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=m.yicai.com}}</ref>

===Modern agriculture===
Chengdu enjoys favorable agricultural conditions and rich natural resources. It is an important base for high-quality agricultural products. A national commercial grain and edible oil production base, the vegetable and food supply base as well as the key agricultural products processing center and the logistics distribution center of western China are located in Chengdu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-08 |title=成都平原经济区国土空间规划（2021—2035年） |url=https://dnr.sc.gov.cn/scdnr/scgsgg/2024/11/4/26672d4cd864460a98e4b280eedbb075/files/1.%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8C%BA%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%80%BB%E4%BD%93%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%EF%BC%882021%E2%80%942035%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89.pdf |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=四川省自然资源厅}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-21 |title=成都市国土空间生态修复规划（2021—2035 年） |url=https://mpnr.chengdu.gov.cn/ghhzrzyj/tzgg/2024-08/21/97e8fd940aa04e2f9735fb75b8c60110/files/bff1eee922864412a083407cd2e3e8d0.pdf |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=成都市规划和自然资源局}}</ref>

===Defense industry===
Chengdu is home to many defense companies such as the [[Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group|Chengdu Aircraft Company]], which produces the recently declassified [[Chengdu J-10|J-10 Vigorous Dragon]] combat aircraft as well as the [[JF-17 Thunder]], in a joint collaborative effort with [[Pakistan Air Force]]. Chengdu Aircraft Company has also developed the [[Chengdu J-20|J-20 Mighty Dragon]] stealth fighter. The company is one of the major manufacturers of Chinese Military aviation technology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=了不起的成都军工，我国综合实力最强的军工重镇之一 - 行业新闻 - 中国(成都)国防信息化装备与技术博览会 |url=https://www.ddgjzl.com/news/show-440.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=www.ddgjzl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司2024届需求信息 |url=https://jyzd.xmu.edu.cn/2023/0823/c18713a476900/page.htm |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=Xiamen University}}</ref>

===Industrial zones===

==== Chengdu Hi-tech Comprehensive Free Trade Zone ====
[[File:中欧中心 CCEC .jpg|thumb|Chengdu Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone]]
Chengdu Hi-tech Comprehensive Free Trade Zone was established with the approval of the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|State Council]] on 18 October 2010 and passed the national acceptance on 25 February 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=四川成都高新综合保税区通过国家验收并揭牌 |url=https://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-02/25/content_1810909.htm |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=www.gov.cn}}</ref> It was officially operated in May 2011. Chengdu High-tech Comprehensive Free Trade Zone is integrated and expanded from the former Chengdu Export Processing Zone and Chengdu Bonded Logistics Center. it is located in the Chengdu West High-tech Industrial Development Zone, with an area of 4.68 square kilometers and divided into three areas A, B and C. The industries focus on notebook computer manufacturing, tablet computer manufacturing, wafer manufacturing and chip packaging testing, electronic components, precision machining, and biopharmaceutical industry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=【成都】成都高新综合保税区 |url=https://gd.huaxia.com/c/2015/09/08/724163.shtml |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=gd.huaxia.com}}</ref> Chengdu Hi-Tech Comprehensive Free Trade Zone has attracted top 500 and multinational enterprises including as Intel, Foxconn, Texas Instruments, Dell, and Morse.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title=成都高新区这一项目即将投运 |url=https://www.cdht.gov.cn/cdht/c139818/2024-11/25/content_32b5051c97e24050b4bc87bdeb44e79a.shtml |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=cdht.gov.cn}}</ref>

In 2020, the Chengdu Hi-Tech Comprehensive Free Trade Zone achieved a total import and export volume of 549.1 billion yuan (including Shuangliu Sub-zone), accounting for 68% of the province's total foreign trade import and export volume, ranking No.1 in the national comprehensive free trade zones for three consecutive years.<ref>{{cite web|title=高新综合保税区|url=http://www.cdht.gov.cn/cdgxq/c139611/tydp.shtml}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==== Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone ====
{{Main|Sichuan#Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone}}

==== Chengdu Export Processing Zone ====
{{Main|Sichuan#Chengdu Export Processing Zone}}

==== Chengdu Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ====
{{Main|Sichuan#Chengdu Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone}}

==== Chengdu National Cross-Strait Technology Industry Development Park ====
This was established in 1992 as the Chengdu Taiwanese Investment Zone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chengduinvest.gov.cn/EN/htm/detail.asp?id=415 |title=Welcome to Invest Chengdu! |publisher=Chengduinvest.gov.cn|access-date=10 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603015917/http://www.chengduinvest.gov.cn/EN/htm/detail.asp?id=415 |archive-date=3 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Built environments===
In 1988, The Implementation Plan for a Gradual Housing System Reform in Cities and Towns marked the beginning of overall housing reform in urban areas of China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=关于印发《在全国城镇分期分批推行住房制度改革实施方案》的通知_改革大数据服务平台 |url=http://www.reformdata.org/1988/0225/9468.shtml |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=www.reformdata.org}}</ref> More than 20 real estate companies set up in Chengdu, which was the first step for Chengdu's real estate development.

The comprehensive [[Jin River (Sichuan)|Funan River]] renovation project in the 1990s had been another step towards promoting Chengdu environmental development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=成都·府南河综合整治工程-成都市市政工程设计研究院有限公司 |url=https://www.cdmedi.com/contents/72/524.html |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=www.cdmedi.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=sina_mobile |date=2020-12-02 |title=从府南河综合整治到锦江水生态治理和绿道建设 "濯锦之江"归来 |url=https://sc.sina.cn/news/b/2020-12-02/detail-iiznctke4377727.d.html |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=sc.sina.cn}}</ref> The Funan River Comprehensive Improvement Project won the [[UN-Habitat Scroll of Honour Award]] in 1998,<ref>{{Cite web |title=府南河综合整治工程的持续效益让绿色成为最优质资产_四川在线 |url=https://www.scol.com.cn/sjbtt/201812/56711901.html |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=www.scol.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yin Xiuzhen's 'Washing River': A performance that brings about social change {{!}} M+ |url=https://www.mplus.org.hk/en/magazine/yin-xiuzhen-s-performance-washing-river/#:~:text=In%201998,%20Chengdu's%20comprehensive%20revitalisation,river%20shows%20a%20notable%20improvement. |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=www.mplus.org.hk |language=en-US}}</ref> as well as winning the "Local Initiative Award" by the [[International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chengdu Wins Four Int'l Awards for Fine Environmental Project |url=http://en.people.cn/english/200006/09/print20000609_42653.html |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=en.people.cn |archive-date=24 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924181636/http://en.people.cn/english/200006/09/print20000609_42653.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chengdu started the Five Main Roads & One Bridge project in 1997. Three of the roads supported the east part of the city, the other two led to the south. It established the foundation of the Eastern and Southern sub-centers of Chengdu. The two major sub-centers determined people's eastward and southward living trends. Large numbers of buildings appeared around the east and south of the 2nd Ring Road. The Shahe River renovation project together with Jin River project also set off a fashion for people living by the two rivers. It was said that the map of Chengdu should update every three months.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://house.scol.com.cn/html/2008/12/005051_690803.shtml/ |title=Real estate changes Chengdu |publisher=Chengdu Business Newspaper |date=23 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022163146/http://house.scol.com.cn/html/2008/12/005051_690803.shtml/ |archive-date=22 October 2016}}</ref>

A speculative housing boom occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s.<ref name=":9" />{{Rp|page=167}} In 2000, dozens of commercial real estate projects also appeared.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/SHFC200807007.htm/|author=Zhang Zhiying|title=30-year history of Chengdu real estate market|publisher=Shanghai Real Estate vol.7|year=2008|page=14|access-date=6 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104190303/http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/SHFC200807007.htm/|archive-date=4 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> While promoting the real estate market, the Chinese government encouraged citizens to buy their own houses by providing considerable subsidies at a certain period. Houses were included in commodities.