Editing Carnival (section)

====Philippines====
{{Main|Manila Carnival}}
{{See also|List of festivals in the Philippines}}
[[File:09288jfEscolta Museum Exhibit Hall Edificio Calvo Binondo, Manilafvf 03.jpg|thumb|Posters and flyers of the [[Manila Carnival]] as well as photos of crowned Carnival Queens ({{circa|1920s-1930s}}), from the [[calvo Building|Escolta Museum]]]]
In the [[Philippines]], the [[Manila Carnival]] ([[Philippine Spanish]]: {{lang|es|Carnaval de Manila}}) was formerly a major annual event in [[Manila]] during the early [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|American colonial period]] up to the time before the [[Second World War]]. It was organized by the American colonial administration to showcase the economic development of the [[Philippines]]. The highlight of the event is the crowning of the Carnival Queens, which is the precursor of later national pageants like [[Miss Philippines]].<ref name=mcbs>{{cite web | url=http://manilacarnivals.blogspot.com/2008/07/3-oh-meet-me-at-carnival.html | title=Oh, Meet Me at the Carnival | date=20 July 2008 | publisher=Manila Carnivals, Alex R. Castro | accessdate=20 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://carnivals93.rssing.com/chan-14212637/all_p1.html | title= Manila Carnivals 1908–1939 | publisher=Carnivals RSS | accessdate=12 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="Clutario">{{cite book |last1=Clutario |first1=Genevieve Alva |title=Beauty Regimes: A History of Power and Modern Empire in the Philippines, 1898–1941 |date=2023 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=9781478024279}}</ref> It is also notable for founding and hosting the first [[Far Eastern Championship Games]] (then known as the "First Oriental Olympic Games") which became the precursor of the modern [[Asian Games]].<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Keyes|first=Mary Eleanor|title=John Howard Crocker LL. D., 1870–1959|publisher=[[University of Western Ontario]]|date=October 1964|location=London, Ontario|oclc=61578234|page=52}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disappearance of German Merchantmen a Sore Blow|last=Jones|first=Gordon R.|date=October 29, 1914|newspaper=[[Brantford Expositor]]|location=Brantford, Ontario|page=10|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-weekly-expositor-crocker-1/123001318/|access-date=May 28, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421164729/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-weekly-expositor-crocker-1/123001318/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Carnival at Manila postcard.jpg|thumb|Postcard from the [[Manila Carnival]] ({{circa|1920s}})]]
[[File:Masskara Festival Street Dance 22.jpg|thumb|Parade contingents in the 2024 [[Masskara Festival]] of [[Bacolod]], [[Philippines]]]]
[[File:Sinulog Festival (2023) contingents in street dance 10.jpg|thumb|Parade contingents in the 2023 [[Sinulog Festival]] of [[Cebu City|Cebu]], [[Philippines]]]]
The carnival lasted around two weeks in which a variety of shows were presented like [[circus]], [[vaudeville]], [[slapstick]] comedies, and [[theater]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://manilacarnivals.blogspot.com/2008/07/2-man-plan-carnival.html | title= A Man, A Plan, A Carnival | date= 16 July 2008 | publisher=Manila Carnivals, Alex R. Castro | accessdate=16 July 2008}}</ref> Five parades were also held, an opening parade, a military parade, a school parade, a business and industry parade (which included foreign participants), and the floral parade (which featured the Carnival Queen winner).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://manilacarnivals.blogspot.com/search/label/Carnival%20floats | title= 1908 Carnival in the Philippines | publisher=Manila Carnivals | accessdate=3 August 2011}}</ref>

The carnival was first held in February 1908 and was initially only a city celebration. It expanded to a national scope by 1912,<ref name=mcbs/> the year that it was held concurrently with the Philippine Exposition.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Governor|first=Philippines|url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/ACX1716.1912.001|title=Report of the governor general of the Philippine Islands. [1912]|date=2005}}</ref> It was discontinued in 1939, due to the outbreak of the Second World War. It was also not held during the [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines]] (1941 to 1944). After [[Philippine independence]] in 1946, it was never renewed.<ref name=mcbs/><ref>{{cite book |title=Civil Affairs Handbook: Philippine Islands, Volumes 1-15 |author=United States Army Service Forces|date=25 April 1944 |publisher=Headquarters, Army Service Forces}}</ref>

In the modern Philippines, thousands of annual festivals and [[Patronal festival|fiestas]] throughout the islands feature public celebrations and street parade competitions with elaborate costumes similar to the carnival. However, they are not tied to the Lenten period and are instead celebrations of a [[Catholic]] [[patron saint]], of the local culture, or both.