Editing Bengal (section)

=== Sciences ===
{{main|Science and technology in Bangladesh}}

[[File:FR khan sculputure at Sears tower.jpg|thumb|A sculpture of the Bengali-American engineer [[Fazlur Rahman Khan]] at [[Sears Tower]] in the United States]]
The [[Gupta dynasty]], which is believed to have originated in North Bengal, pioneered the invention of [[chess]], the concept of [[zero]], the [[heliocentrism|theory of Earth orbiting the Sun]], the study of [[Sun|solar]] and [[Moon|lunar]] eclipses and the flourishing of [[Sanskrit literature]] and [[Sanskrit drama|drama]].<ref name="Murray 1913" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Koshy |first1=Thomas |title=Elementary Number Theory with Applications |year=2002 |publisher=Harcourt / Academic press |isbn=0-12-421171-2 |page=567}}</ref>

The educational reforms during the [[British Raj]] gave birth to many distinguished scientists in Bengal. Sir [[Jagadish Chandra Bose]] pioneered the investigation of radio and [[microwave]] [[optics]], made very significant contributions to [[plant science]], and laid the foundations of experimental science in the Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Santimay |last2=Chatterjee |first2=Enakshi |title=Satyendra Nath Bose |year=1976 |location=New Delhi |publisher=National Book Trust |oclc=3017431 |pages=5–6}}</ref> [[IEEE]] named him one of the [[People known as the father or mother of something|fathers]] of radio science.<ref>{{cite conference |title=Sir J. C. Bose and radio science |last1=Sen |first1=A. K. |year=1997 |publisher=IEEE |book-title=Microwave Symposium Digest |pages=557–560 |location=Denver, CO |conference=IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium |isbn=0-7803-3814-6 |doi=10.1109/MWSYM.1997.602854}}</ref> He was the first person from the Indian subcontinent to receive a [[United States patent law|US patent]], in 1904. In 1924–25, while researching at the University of Dhaka, [[Satyendra Nath Bose]] well known for his works in [[quantum mechanics]], provided the foundation for [[Bose–Einstein statistics]] and the theory of the [[Bose–Einstein condensate]].<ref name=SMahanti>{{cite web |last=Mahanti |first=Subodh |title=Satyendra Nath Bose, The Creator of Quantum Statistics |url=http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/snbose/bosenew.htm |publisher=Vigyan Prasar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712081636/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/snbose/bosenew.htm |archive-date=12 July 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Wali |first=Kameshwar C |author-link=Kameshwar C. Wali |year=2009 |title=Satyendra Nath Bose: his life and times |location=Singapore |publisher=World Scientific |pages=xvii, xviii, xx (Foreword) |isbn=978-981-279-070-5}}</ref><ref name="OConnorRobertson">{{cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=J J |last2=Robertson |first2=E F |date=October 2003 |title=Satyendranath Bose |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Bose.html |publisher=The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116083306/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Bose.html |archive-date=16 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Meghnad Saha]] was the first scientist to relate a star's spectrum to its temperature, developing thermal ionization equations (notably the [[Saha ionization equation]]) that have been foundational in the fields of astrophysics and astrochemistry.<ref name="Distillations">{{cite journal |last1=Kean |first1=Sam |title=A forgotten star |journal=Distillations |year=2017 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=4–5 |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/a-forgotten-star |access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> [[Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri]] was a physicist, known for his research in general relativity and cosmology. His most significant contribution is the eponymous [[Raychaudhuri equation]], which demonstrates that singularities arise inevitably in general relativity and is a key ingredient in the proofs of the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/no-big-bang-the-universe-was-there-all-along-studies/article6959499.ece |title=No Big Bang, the universe was there all along: studies |first=Shubashree |last=Desikan |date=5 March 2015 |access-date=2 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621211441/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/no-big-bang-the-universe-was-there-all-along-studies/article6959499.ece |archive-date=21 June 2017}}</ref>

In the United States, the Bangladeshi-American engineer [[Fazlur Rahman Khan]] emerged as the "father of tubular designs" in skyscraper construction. [[Ashoke Sen]] is an Indian theoretical physicist whose main area of work is string theory. He was among the first recipients of the [[Fundamental Physics Prize]] "for opening the path to the realisation that all string theories are different limits of the same underlying theory".<ref name="Pulakkat">{{cite news |last=Pulakkat |first=Hari |date=19 December 2013 |title=How many of us know about Breakthrough Prize winner, Ashoke Sen? |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-19/news/45377589_1_ashoke-sen-yuri-milner-scientists |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222155950/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-19/news/45377589_1_ashoke-sen-yuri-milner-scientists |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 December 2013 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>