Editing Medical ultrasound (section)

===Scotland===
Parallel developments in [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] by Professor [[Ian Donald]] and colleagues at the [[Princess Royal Maternity Hospital|Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital]] (GRMH) led to the first diagnostic applications of the technique.<ref>{{Cite Q|Q29581634}}</ref> Donald was an [[obstetrics|obstetrician]] with a self-confessed "childish interest in machines, electronic and otherwise", who, having treated the wife of one of the company's directors, was invited to visit the Research Department of boilermakers [[Doosan Babcock|Babcock & Wilcox]] at [[Renfrew]]. He adapted their industrial ultrasound equipment to conduct experiments on various anatomical specimens and assess their ultrasonic characteristics. Together with the medical physicist [[Tom Brown (engineer)|Tom Brown]].<ref name="LatU">{{cite book|title=Looking at the Unborn: Historical aspects of obstetric ultrasound|url=https://archive.org/details/lookingatunbornh00witn|year=2000|publisher=[[History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group]]|isbn=978-1-84129-011-9|url-access=registration}}</ref> and fellow obstetrician [[John MacVicar]], Donald refined the equipment to enable differentiation of pathology in live volunteer patients. These findings were reported in ''[[The Lancet]]'' on 7 June 1958<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(58)91905-6 |title=Investigation of Abdominal Masses by Pulsed Ultrasound |year=1958 |last1=Donald |first1=Ian |last2=MacVicar |first2=J |last3=Brown |first3=T.G |journal=The Lancet |volume=271 |issue=7032 |pages=1188–95 |pmid=13550965}}</ref> as "Investigation of Abdominal Masses by Pulsed Ultrasound" – possibly one of the most important papers published in the field of diagnostic [[medical imaging]].

At GRMH, Professor Donald and James Willocks then refined their techniques to obstetric applications including [[fetal]] head measurement to assess the size and growth of the fetus. With the opening of the new Queen Mother's Hospital in [[Yorkhill]] in 1964, it became possible to improve these methods even further. [[Stuart Campbell (Obstetrician and Gynaecologist)|Stuart Campbell]]'s pioneering work on fetal [[cephalometry]] led to it acquiring long-term status as the definitive method of study of foetal growth. As the technical quality of the scans was further developed, it soon became possible to study pregnancy from start to finish and diagnose its many complications such as multiple pregnancy, fetal abnormality and ''[[placenta praevia]]''. Diagnostic ultrasound has since been imported into practically every other area of medicine.