Editing Manchu language (section)

====== Perfect converb ======
The perfect converb in ''-fi'' expresses an action that took place before the action of the finite verb; a secondary meaning is one of cause. It is the second most frequent converb:<ref>Gorelova 2002, 276ff.; Haenisch 1986, 55; Möllendorff 1892, 9.</ref> ''arafi'' "(after) having written", "after I wrote", or, more idiomatically, "I wrote and ...".

{{interlinear
| indent = 4|si boo-de isina-fi majige teye-fi buda je-fi dere obo-fi jai ji-ki|you House-DAT arrive-PERF.CVB a.little rest-PERF.CVB food eat-PERF.CVB, face wash-PERF.CVB then come-OPT|"After you have come home, rested a little, eaten and washed your face, come (to me)."
}}

A frozen form is ''ofi'' "because, since" (from ''ombi'' "be", "become"):
{{interlinear
| indent = 4|si tobsere niyalma o-fi|you trustworthy person be-PERF.CVB|"Since you are a trustworthy person, ..."
}}
Certain verbs have irregular forms: ''juwambi'' "open" – ''juwampi'', ''colgorombi'' "exceed" – ''colgoropi'', ''hafumbi'' "penetrate" – ''hafupi''.<ref>Gorelova 2002, 276; Haenisch 1986, 60</ref>

A similar meaning is expressed by adding the ending not to the stem, but to the finite imperfect form in ''-mbi'', resulting in ''-mbifi'': ''arambifi'' "having written".<ref name="Möllendorff 1892, 9"/>