Editing In vitro fertilisation (section)

==Men and IVF==
Research has shown that men largely view themselves as "passive contributors"<ref name = "Throsby_2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Throsby K, Gill R | title = "It's different for men": masculinity and IVF. | journal = Men and Masculinities | date = April 2004 | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 330–48 | doi = 10.1177/1097184X03260958| s2cid = 145574208 | url = http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/2515/1/Itsdiff.pdf }}</ref>{{rp|340}} since they have "less physical involvement"<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Whittaker A | date = 2009 | title = Global technologies and transnational reproduction in Thailand | journal = Asian Studies Review | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 324 | doi = 10.1080/10357820903154101 | s2cid = 143676709 }}</ref> in IVF treatment. Despite this, many men feel distressed after seeing the toll of hormonal injections and ongoing physical intervention on their female partner.<ref name = "Throsby_2004" />{{rp|344}} Fertility was found to be a significant factor in a man's perception of his masculinity, driving many to keep the treatment a secret.<ref name = "Throsby_2004" />{{rp|344}} In cases where the men did share that he and his partner were undergoing IVF, they reported to have been teased, mainly by other men, although some viewed this as an affirmation of support and friendship. For others, this led to feeling socially isolated.<ref name = "Throsby_2004" />{{rp|336}}  In comparison with females, males showed less deterioration in mental health in the years following a failed treatment.<ref name="pmid9949886">{{cite journal | vauthors = Beutel M, Kupfer J, Kirchmeyer P, Kehde S, Köhn FM, Schroeder-Printzen I, Gips H, Herrero HJ, Weidner W | display-authors = 6 | title = Treatment-related stresses and depression in couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatment by IVF or ICSI | journal = Andrologia | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–35 | date = January 1999 | pmid = 9949886 | doi = 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1999.tb02839.x | s2cid = 22578866 | doi-access = free }}</ref> However, many men did feel guilt, disappointment and inadequacy, stating that they were simply trying to provide an "emotional rock" for their partners.<ref name = "Throsby_2004" />{{rp|336}}

===Ability to withdraw consent===
In certain countries, including Austria, Italy, Estonia, Hungary, Spain and Israel, the male does not have the full ability to withdraw consent to storage or use of embryos once they are fertilised. In the United States, the matter has been left to the courts on a more or less ad hoc basis. If embryos are implanted and a child is born contrary to the wishes of the male, he still has legal and financial responsibilities of a father.<ref>{{cite journal	| last1 = Thornton	| first1 = Rosy	| date = 21 March 2008	| title = European Court of Human Rights: Consent to IVF treatment	| url = https://academic.oup.com/icon/article/6/2/317/737023	| journal = International Journal of Constitutional Law	| volume = 6	| issue = 2	| pages = 317–330	| doi = 10.1093/icon/mon001	| access-date = 7 August 2023
| doi-access = free	}}</ref>