Editing Ferry (section)

===Alternative fuels===
{{See also|Electric boat}}
With the [[price of oil]] at high levels, and with increasing pressure from consumers for measures to tackle [[global warming]], a number of innovations for energy and the environment were put forward at the Interferry conference in [[Stockholm]]. According to the company [[Solar Sailor Holdings|Solar Sailor]], hybrid marine power and solar wing technology are suitable for use with ferries, private [[yacht]]s and even tankers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interferry hears about green alternatives|url=http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/-interferry-hears-green-alternatives-/2007/10/05/2993389.htm|website=Tmcnet.com|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706202726/http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/-interferry-hears-green-alternatives-/2007/10/05/2993389.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Alternative fuels are becoming more widespread on ferries. The fastest passenger ferry in the world [[Buquebus]], runs on [[LNG]], while Sweden's [[Stena Line|Stena]] converted one of its ferries to run on both diesel and [[methanol]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=The World's First Methanol Ferry |url=https://www.stenaline.com/media/stories/the-worlds-first-methanol-ferry/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=Stena Line |language=en-gb |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408145507/https://www.stenaline.com/media/stories/the-worlds-first-methanol-ferry/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Both LNG and methanol reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions considerably and replace costly diesel fuel.

Megawatt-class [[Battery electric vehicle|battery electric ferries]] operate in Scandinavia, with several more scheduled for operation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plugging in Finland's first electric ferry – Marine Log|url=https://www.marinelog.com/coastal/ferries/video-plugging-in-finlands-first-electric-ferry/|date=20 November 2017|website=Marinelog.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-12-04|format=Video|archive-date=30 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730215806/https://www.marinelog.com/coastal/ferries/video-plugging-in-finlands-first-electric-ferry/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2017, the world's biggest purely electric ferry was the {{ship|MF|Tycho Brahe}}, which operates on the [[Helsingør–Helsingborg ferry route]] across the [[Øresund]] between [[Denmark]] and [[Sweden]]. The ferry weights 8414 tonnes, and has an electric storage capacity of more than 4 MWh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two massive ferries are about to become the biggest all-electric ships in the world|url=https://electrek.co/2017/08/24/all-electric-ferries-abb/|last=Lambert|first=Fred|date=2017-08-24|website=Electrek|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-08|archive-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502185800/https://electrek.co/2017/08/24/all-electric-ferries-abb/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since 2015, Norwegian ferry company [[Norled]] has operated e-ferry {{MV|Ampere||2}} on the Lavik-Opedal connection on the E39 north of Bergen.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/worlds-first-electric-car-ferry-enters-service/| title=World's First Electric Car Ferry Enters Service| publisher=World Maritime News| date=19 May 2015| access-date=21 June 2020| archive-date=22 June 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622111552/https://www.offshore-energy.biz/worlds-first-electric-car-ferry-enters-service/| url-status=live}}</ref> Further north on the Norwegian west coast, the connection between Anda and Lote will be the world's first route served only by e-ferries. The first of two ships, MF ''Gloppefjord'', was put into service in January 2018, followed by MF ''Eidsfjord''.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.vesselfinder.com/news/11803-Multi-Maritime-designed-battery-electric-ferries-MF-Gloppefjord-and-MF-Eidsfjord-named-in-Sandane| title=Multi Maritime-designed battery electric ferries MF Gloppefjord and MF Eidsfjord named in Sandane| author=Svetlana Modeva| publisher=VesselFinder| date=15 Mar 2018| access-date=21 June 2020| archive-date=31 July 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731071356/https://www.vesselfinder.com/news/11803-Multi-Maritime-designed-battery-electric-ferries-MF-Gloppefjord-and-MF-Eidsfjord-named-in-Sandane| url-status=live}}</ref> The owner, [[Fjord1]], has commissioned a further seven battery-powered ferries to be in operation from 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.electrive.com/2018/03/08/fjord-1-orders-seven-electric-ferries-havyard/|title=Fjord 1 orders seven electric ferries from Havyard – electrive.com|date=8 March 2018|work=electrive.com|access-date=2018-03-24|language=en-US|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324223818/https://www.electrive.com/2018/03/08/fjord-1-orders-seven-electric-ferries-havyard/|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 60 battery powered car ferries are expected to be operational in Norway by 2021.<ref>https://www.tu.no/artikler/i-2021-vil-norge-ha-60-ferger-med-batterier-na-ma-vegdirektoratet-finne-en-standardlosning-for-lading/414997 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607131613/https://www.tu.no/artikler/i-2021-vil-norge-ha-60-ferger-med-batterier-na-ma-vegdirektoratet-finne-en-standardlosning-for-lading/414997 |date=7 June 2019 }} WWW.TU.NO (In Norwegian).</ref>

[[File:E-ferry Ellen.2.JPG|thumb|{{ship|E-ferry|Ellen}}]]
Since 15 August 2019, [[Ærø Municipality]] have operated {{ship|E-ferry|Ellen}} between the southern [[Denmark|Danish]] ports of [[Fynshav]] and [[Søby]], on the island of [[Ærø]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/20/world-s-largest-all-electric-ferry-sets-sail-in-denmark| title=World's largest all-electric ferry sets sail in Denmark| publisher=Euronews| date=21 August 2019| author=Alice Tidey| access-date=21 August 2020| archive-date=2 October 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002115517/https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/20/world-s-largest-all-electric-ferry-sets-sail-in-denmark| url-status=live}}</ref> The e-ferry is capable of carrying 30 vehicles and 200 passengers and is powered by a battery "with an unprecedented capacity" of {{convert|4.3|MWh|hph|abbr=on|lk=on}}. The vessel can sail up to {{convert|22|nmi|mi km}} between charges – seven times further than previously possible for an e-ferry. It will now need to prove it can provide up to seven return trips per day. The European Union, which supported the project, aims to roll out 100 or more of these ferries by 2030.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://e-ferryproject.eu/Home/Objectives| title=Objectives| publisher=E-ferry, an EU project under the H2020 Research and Innovation programme| access-date=21 August 2020| archive-date=8 August 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808155406/http://e-ferryproject.eu/Home/Objectives| url-status=live}}</ref>

A special feature is the Danish Udbyhøj cable ferry in [[Randers Fjord]] which has a land-based power supply by means of a retractable submarine cable.<ref>Jessica McCormick: ''[https://electrifynews.com/news/electric-ferry-never-needs-charging/ Electric Ferry Never Needs Charging]'', {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630010814/https://electrifynews.com/news/electric-ferry-never-needs-charging/ |date=30 June 2023 }}</ref>
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