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===Notation and improvisation=== {{main|Percussion notation|Musical improvisation}} {{Image frame|content=<score raw="1" sound="1"> \version "2.22.0" \header { tagline = ##f} \score { \drums \with {midiInstrument = "drums"} \with { \numericTimeSignature } { \repeat volta 2 { << \tempo 4 = 80-160 \bar ".|:" { cymra8 [cymra] cymra [cymra] cymra [cymra] cymra [cymra] }\\{bd4 sne bd sne} >>\break } } \layout {} } \score { \unfoldRepeats { \drums \with {midiInstrument = "drums"}{ \repeat volta 2 { << \tempo 4 = 80-160 \bar ".|:" { cymra8 [cymra] cymra [cymra] cymra [cymra] cymra [cymra] }\\{bd4 sne bd sne} >>\break } } } \midi { \tempo 4 = 90 } } </score>|width=300|align=right|caption=The basic [[common time]] groove with bass (bottom), back beat snare, and cymbal (top) is common in popular music.|max-width=300}} Drum kit music is either written in music notation (called "drum parts"), learned and played by ear, improvised, or some combination of any of all three of these methods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://drummagazine.com/drum-notation-guide/|title=Drum Notation Guide|date=2009-08-18|website=DRUM! Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> Professional session musician drummers and big-band drummers are often required to read drum parts. Drum parts are most commonly written on a standard five-line staff. As of 2016, a special ''percussion clef'' is used, while previously the bass clef was used. However, even if the bass, or no, clef is used, each line and space is assigned an instrument in the kit, rather than a pitch. In jazz, traditional music, folk music, rock music, and pop music, drummers are expected to be able to learn songs by ear (from a recording or from another musician who is playing or singing the song) and improvise. The degree of improvisation differs among different styles. Jazz and jazz fusion drummers may have lengthy improvised solos in every song. In rock music and blues, there are also drum solos in some songs, although they tend to be shorter than those in jazz. Drummers in all popular music and traditional music styles are expected to be able to improvise accompaniment parts to songs, once they are told the genre or style (e.g., shuffle, ballad, blues).
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