Editing Chemotherapy (section)

=== Electrochemotherapy ===
{{Main|Electrochemotherapy}}
Electrochemotherapy is the combined treatment in which injection of a chemotherapeutic drug is followed by application of high-voltage electric pulses locally to the tumor. The treatment enables the chemotherapeutic drugs, which otherwise cannot or hardly go through the membrane of cells (such as bleomycin and cisplatin), to enter the cancer cells. Hence, greater effectiveness of antitumor treatment is achieved.<ref name="Whelan"/>

Clinical electrochemotherapy has been successfully used for treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors irrespective of their histological origin.<ref name="Whelan">{{cite journal | vauthors = Larkin JO, Collins CG, Aarons S, Tangney M, Whelan M, O'Reily S, Breathnach O, Soden DM, O'Sullivan GC | title = Electrochemotherapy: aspects of preclinical development and early clinical experience | journal = Annals of Surgery | volume = 245 | issue = 3 | pages = 469–79 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17435555 | pmc = 1877027 | doi = 10.1097/01.sla.0000250419.36053.33 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Testori A, Tosti G, Martinoli C, Spadola G, Cataldo F, Verrecchia F, Baldini F, Mosconi M, Soteldo J, Tedeschi I, Passoni C, Pari C, Di Pietro A, Ferrucci PF | title = Electrochemotherapy for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor lesions: a novel therapeutic approach | journal = Dermatologic Therapy | volume = 23 | issue = 6 | pages = 651–61 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21054709 | doi = 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01370.x | s2cid = 46534637 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The method has been reported as safe, simple and highly effective in all reports on clinical use of electrochemotherapy. According to the ESOPE project (European Standard Operating Procedures of Electrochemotherapy), the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for electrochemotherapy were prepared, based on the experience of the leading European cancer centres on electrochemotherapy.<ref name="Marty M, Sersa G, Garbay JR, Gehl J, Collins CG, Snoj M, Billard V, Geertsen PF, Larkin JO, Miklavcic D, Pavlovic I, Paulin-Kosir SM, Cemazar M, Morsli N, Soden DM, Rudolf Z, Robert C, O'Sullivan GC, Mir LM. 2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marty M, Sersa G, Garbay JR, Gehl J, Collins CG, Snoj M, Billard V, Geertsen PF, Larkin JO, Miklavcic D, Pavlovic I, Paulin-Kosir SM, Cemazar M, Morsli N, Soden DM, Rudolf Z, Robert C, O'Sullivan GC, Mir LM |year=2006 |title=Electrochemotherapy – An easy, highly effective and safe treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases |journal=Eur J Cancer Suppl |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=3–13 |doi=10.1016/j.ejcsup.2006.08.002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mir LM, Gehl J, Sersa G, Collins CG, Garbay JR, Billard V, Geertsen PF, Rudolf Z, O'Sullivan GC, Marty M |title=Standard operating procedures of the electrochemotherapy: Instructions for the use of bleomycin or cisplatin administered either systemically or locally and electric pulses delivered by the Cliniporator™ by means of invasive or non-invasive electrodes |journal=Eur J Cancer Suppl |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=14–25 |year=2006 |doi=10.1016/j.ejcsup.2006.08.003 }}</ref> Recently, new electrochemotherapy modalities have been developed for treatment of internal tumors using surgical procedures, endoscopic routes or percutaneous approaches to gain access to the treatment area.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Soden DM, Larkin JO, Collins CG, Tangney M, Aarons S, Piggott J, Morrissey A, Dunne C, O'Sullivan GC | title = Successful application of targeted electrochemotherapy using novel flexible electrodes and low dose bleomycin to solid tumours | journal = Cancer Letters | volume = 232 | issue = 2 | pages = 300–10 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 15964138 | doi = 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.03.057 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Miklavcic D, Snoj M, Zupanic A, Kos B, Cemazar M, Kropivnik M, Bracko M, Pecnik T, Gadzijev E, Sersa G | title = Towards treatment planning and treatment of deep-seated solid tumors by electrochemotherapy | journal = BioMedical Engineering OnLine | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 10 | date = February 2010 | pmid = 20178589 | pmc = 2843684 | doi = 10.1186/1475-925X-9-10 | doi-access = free }}</ref>