Editing Cancer (section)

== Other animals ==
[[Veterinary oncology]], concentrating mainly on cats and dogs, is a growing specialty in wealthy countries and the major forms of human treatment such as surgery and radiotherapy may be offered. The most common types of cancer differ, but the cancer burden seems at least as high in pets as in humans. Animals, typically rodents, are often used in cancer research and studies of natural cancers in larger animals may benefit research into human cancer.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Thamm D |title=How companion animals contribute to the fight against cancer in humans |journal=Veterinaria Italiana |date=March 2009 |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=111–20 |pmid=20391394 |url=http://www.izs.it/vet_italiana/2009/45_1/111.pdf |access-date=18 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723044907/http://www.izs.it/vet_italiana/2009/45_1/111.pdf |archive-date=23 July 2014}}</ref>

Across wild animals, there is still limited data on cancer. Nonetheless, a study published in 2022, explored cancer risk in (non-domesticated) zoo mammals, belonging to 191 species, 110,148 individual, demonstrated that cancer is a ubiquitous disease of mammals and it can emerge anywhere along the mammalian phylogeny.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vincze O, Colchero F, Lemaître JF, Conde DA, Pavard S, Bieuville M, Urrutia AO, Ujvari B, Boddy AM, Maley CC, Thomas F, Giraudeau M | title = Cancer risk across mammals | journal = Nature | volume = 601 | issue = 7892 | pages = 263–267 | date = January 2022 | pmid = 34937938 | pmc = 8755536 | doi = 10.1038/s41586-021-04224-5 | s2cid = 245425871 | bibcode = 2022Natur.601..263V }}</ref> This research also highlighted that cancer risk is not uniformly distributed along mammals. For instance, species in the order [[Carnivora]] are particularly prone to be affected by cancer (e.g. over 25% of [[clouded leopard]]s, [[bat-eared fox]]es and [[red wolves]] die of cancer), while [[ungulate]]s (especially [[even-toed ungulate]]s) appear to face consistently low cancer risks.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

In non-humans, a few types of [[transmissible cancer]] have also been described, wherein the cancer spreads between animals by transmission of the tumor cells themselves. This phenomenon is seen in dogs with [[Sticker's sarcoma]] (also known as canine transmissible venereal tumor), and in [[Tasmanian devils]] with [[devil facial tumour disease]] (DFTD).<ref name="pmid16901782">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murgia C, Pritchard JK, Kim SY, Fassati A, Weiss RA |title=Clonal origin and evolution of a transmissible cancer |journal=Cell |volume=126 |issue=3 |pages=477–87 |date=August 2006 |pmid=16901782 |pmc=2593932 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.051}}</ref>