Editing Parasitism (section)

=== Parasitology ===

{{main|Parasitology}}

Modern [[parasitology]] developed in the 19th century with accurate observations and experiments by many researchers and clinicians;<ref name=ChengHistory>{{cite book |last=Cheng |first=Thomas C. |title=General Parasitology |year=1973 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-170750-7 |pages=120–134|quote=The 19th century might be thought of as the genesis of modern parasitology.}}</ref> the term was first used in 1870.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Parasitology|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parasitology|dictionary=Merriam-Webster|access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> In 1828, James Annersley described [[amoebiasis]], protozoal infections of the intestines and the liver, though the pathogen, ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'', was not discovered until 1873 by Friedrich Lösch. [[James Paget]] discovered the intestinal nematode ''[[Trichinella spiralis]]'' in humans in 1835. James McConnell described the human liver fluke, ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'', in 1875.<ref name=Cox2004/> [[Algernon Thomas]] and [[Rudolf Leuckart]] independently made the first discovery of the life cycle of a trematode, the sheep liver fluke, by experiment in 1881–1883.<ref name=ChengHistory/> In 1877 [[Patrick Manson]] discovered the life cycle of the [[filarioidea|filarial worms]]<!--no comma, please!--> that cause [[lymphatic filariasis|elephantiasis]] transmitted by mosquitoes. Manson further predicted that the [[malaria]] parasite, ''[[Plasmodium]]'', had a mosquito vector, and persuaded [[Ronald Ross]] to investigate. Ross confirmed that the prediction was correct in 1897–1898. At the same time, [[Giovanni Battista Grassi]] and others described the malaria parasite's life cycle stages in ''[[Anopheles]]'' mosquitoes. Ross was [[Nobel Prize controversies#Physiology or medicine|controversially awarded the 1902 Nobel prize]] for his work, while Grassi was not.<ref name=Cox2004/> In 1903, [[David Bruce (microbiologist)|David Bruce]] identified the protozoan parasite and the [[tsetse fly]] vector of [[African trypanosomiasis]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ellis |first=Harold |author-link=Harold Ellis (surgeon) |title=Sir David Bruce, a pioneer of tropical medicine |journal=British Journal of Hospital Medicine |volume=67 |issue=3 |page=158 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16562450 |doi=10.12968/hmed.2006.67.3.20624}}</ref>