Editing London Underground (section)

===Roundel===
[[File:Euston Square tube station MMB 01.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Roundel in [[Euston Square tube station]]. The ring was introduced by [[Frank Pick]] before he commissioned [[Edward Johnston]] to develop the final version of the symbol.]]
While the first use of a [[roundel]] in a London transport context was the trademark of the [[London General Omnibus Company]] registered in 1905, it was first used on the Underground in 1908 when the UERL placed a solid red circle behind station nameboards on platforms to highlight the name.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the roundel |publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] |url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/roundel/about/detailedhistory.html |access-date=12 April 2013 |archive-date=24 August 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120824012222/http://www.ltmcollection.org/roundel/about/detailedhistory.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{sfnp|Ovenden|2013|pp=86–88}} The word "U<small>NDERGROUN</small>D" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period.{{sfnp|Ovenden|2013|p=67}}

Transport administrator [[Frank Pick]], wanting to establish a strong corporate identity and visual brand for the Underground, thought the solid red disc cumbersome and took a version where the disc became a ring from a 1915 Sharland poster and gave it to [[Edward Johnston]] to develop, and registered the symbol as a trademark in 1917.<ref name=":5" />{{sfnp|Ovenden|2013|pp=112–113}} The roundel was first printed on a map cover using the Johnston typeface in June 1919, and printed in colour the following October.{{sfnp|Ovenden|2013|pp=126–127}}

After the UERL was absorbed into the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, it used forms of the roundel for buses, trams and coaches, as well as the Underground. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. The Carr-Edwards report, published in 1938 as possibly the first attempt at a graphics standards manual, introduced stricter guidelines.{{sfnp|Ovenden|2013|pp=155, 186}} Between 1948 and 1957 the word "Underground" in the bar was replaced by "London Transport".{{sfnp|Ovenden|2013|pp=206, 218, 226}} {{As of|2013}}, forms of the roundel, with differing colours for the ring and bar, are used for other TfL services, such as [[London Buses]], [[Tramlink]], [[London Overground]], [[London River Services]] and [[Docklands Light Railway]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tfl.gov.uk/microsites/interchange/documents/tfl-interchange-signs-standard-issue04.pdf |title=Interchange signs standard |publisher=Transport for London |date=January 2009 |archive-date=21 August 2012 |at=Sections 3–7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821182909/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/microsites/interchange/documents/tfl-interchange-signs-standard-issue04.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Crossrail]] will also be identified with a roundel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londonreconnections.com/2013/crossrail-gets-its-roundel/ |title=Crossrail Gets Its Roundel |website=London Reconnections |date=January 2009 |access-date=12 April 2013 |first=John |last=Bull |archive-date=15 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315092317/http://www.londonreconnections.com/2013/crossrail-gets-its-roundel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The 100th anniversary of the roundel was celebrated in 2008 by TfL commissioning 100 artists to produce works that celebrate the design.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=100 artists celebrate 100 years of Tube logo |publisher= Transport for London |url= http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/9281.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130412061154/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/9281.html |archive-date=12 April 2013 |date=4 September 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=100 Years, 100 Artists, 100 Works of Art |url=https://art.tfl.gov.uk/learning/100-years-100-artists-100-works-of-art/ |access-date=18 August 2020 |website=Art on the Underground |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510111014/https://art.tfl.gov.uk/learning/100-years-100-artists-100-works-of-art/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Roundels are featured outside many underground stations; they are commonly mounted on a white pole known as a "Venetian mast".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The evolution of the roundel |url=https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/stories/design/evolution-roundel |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=London Transport Museum |language=en |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031222815/https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/stories/design/evolution-roundel |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2016, [[Tate Modern]] commissioned [[conceptual art]]ist [[Michael Craig-Martin]] to "reimagine" the roundel, changing its colours for the first time since the sign was introduced. His design was displayed at [[Southwark Station]] in collaboration with [[Art on the Underground]] to mark the opening weekend of the new Tate Modern gallery situated near the station.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tate gives Tube roundels at Southwark station a modern makeover |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/the-tate-has-given-the-tube-roundels-at-southwark-station-a-modern-makeover-a3274421.html |work=Evening Standard |location=London |date=17 June 2016 |first=Lizzie |last=Edmonds |access-date=30 December 2020 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510133449/https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/the-tate-has-given-the-tube-roundels-at-southwark-station-a-modern-makeover-a3274421.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

<gallery widths="160">
File:Ealing Broadway Roundel.png|An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway
File:Mosaic Underground roundel, Maida Vale.jpg|Mosaic roundel used at [[Maida Vale tube station|Maida Vale station]]
File:Underground sign at Westminster.jpg|The form used today outside Westminster tube station
File:Bethnal Green stn roundel.JPG|Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at [[Bethnal Green tube station|Bethnal Green station]]
File:Art Changes, We Change - London Undergound roundel by Michael Craig-Martin at Southwark Station.png|Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design
File:No Smoking in the Bakerloo line.jpg|NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are now present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line
File:Piccadilly Circus main spot and station subway.jpg|Subway entrance to [[Piccadilly Circus tube station]] 
File:Underground public subway sign - geograph.org.uk - 5234652.jpg|Close up of sign at night
</gallery>