Editing Gnosticism (section)

=== Modern times ===
{{Main|Gnosticism in modern times}}
Found today in Iraq, Iran and diaspora communities, the [[Mandaeans]] are an ancient Gnostic [[ethnoreligious group]] that follow [[John the Baptist]] and have survived from antiquity.{{sfn|Rudolph|1987|p=343}} Their name comes from the Aramaic ''[[Manda (Mandaeism)|manda]]'' meaning knowledge or [[gnosis]].<ref name=Rudolph/> There are thought to be 60,000 to 70,000 Mandaeans worldwide.<ref name="yaledailynews"/>{{sfn|Rudolph|1987}} A number of modern Gnostic ecclesiastical bodies have been set up or re-founded since the discovery of the [[Nag Hammadi library]], including the [[Ecclesia Gnostica]], [[Johannite Church#Apostolic Johannite Church|Apostolic Johannite Church]], [[Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica]], the [[Gnostic Church of France]], the [[Saint Thomas Christians|Thomasine Church]], the Alexandrian Gnostic Church, and the North American College of Gnostic Bishops.<ref name="Taussig2013">{{cite book|last=Taussig|first=Hal|title=A New New Testament: A Reinvented Bible for the Twenty-first Century Combining Traditional and Newly Discovered Texts|year=2013|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-547-79210-1|page=532}}</ref> A number of 19th-century thinkers such as [[Arthur Schopenhauer]],<ref>[[Schopenhauer]], ''[[The World as Will and Representation]]'', Vol. II, Ch. XLVIII</ref> [[Albert Pike]] and [[Helena Petrovna Blavatsky|Madame Blavatsky]] studied Gnostic thought extensively and were influenced by it, and even figures like [[Herman Melville]] and [[W. B. Yeats]] were more tangentially influenced.<ref name="smith">Smith, Richard. "The Modern Relevance of Gnosticism" in The Nag Hammadi Library, 1990 {{ISBN|0-06-066935-7}}</ref> [[Jules Doinel]] "re-established" a [[Gnostic Church of France|Gnostic church in France]] in 1890, which altered its form as it passed through various direct successors (Fabre des Essarts as ''Tau Synésius'' and Joanny Bricaud as ''Tau Jean II'' most notably),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pearson |first=Joanne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBiCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 |title=Wicca and the Christian Heritage: Ritual, Sex and Magic |date=2007-05-03 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-52427-3 |language=en}}</ref> and, though small, is still active today.

Early 20th-century thinkers who heavily studied and were influenced by Gnosticism include [[Carl Jung]] (who supported Gnosticism), [[Eric Voegelin]] (who opposed it), [[Jorge Luis Borges]] (who included it in many of his short stories), and [[Aleister Crowley]], with figures such as [[Hermann Hesse]] being more moderately influenced. [[René Guénon]] founded the Gnostic review, ''La Gnose'' in 1909, before moving to a more [[Perennial philosophy|Perennialist]] position, and founding his [[Traditionalist School]]. Gnostic [[Thelema|Thelemite]] organizations, such as Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica and [[Ordo Templi Orientis]], trace themselves to Crowley's thought. The discovery and translation of the Nag Hammadi library after 1945 has had a huge effect on Gnosticism since World War&nbsp;II. Intellectuals who were heavily influenced by Gnosticism in this period include [[Lawrence Durrell]], [[Hans Jonas]], [[Philip K. Dick]] and [[Harold Bloom]], with [[Albert Camus]] and [[Allen Ginsberg]] being more moderately influenced.<ref name="smith" /> [[Celia Green]] has written on Gnostic Christianity in relation to her own philosophy.<ref name="Green">Green, Celia (1981, 2006). ''Advice to Clever Children''. Oxford: Oxford Forum. pp. xxxv–xxxvii.</ref> [[Alfred North Whitehead]] was aware of the existence of the newly discovered Gnostic scrolls. Accordingly, [[Michel Weber]] has proposed a Gnostic interpretation of his late metaphysics.<ref>Michael Weber. [https://www.academia.edu/869320/_Contact_Made_Vision_The_Apocryphal_Whitehead_2008_ Contact Made Vision: The Apocryphal Whitehead] Pub. in Michel Weber and William Desmond, Jr. (eds.), ''Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought'', Frankfurt / Lancaster, Ontos Verlag, Process Thought X1 & X2, 2008, I, pp. 573–599.</ref>