Editing Chemotherapy (section)

==== Nanoparticles ====
[[Nanoparticles]] are 1–1000 [[nanometer]] (nm) sized particles that can promote tumor selectivity and aid in delivering low-[[solubility]] drugs. Nanoparticles can be targeted passively or actively. Passive targeting exploits the difference between tumor blood vessels and normal blood vessels. Blood vessels in tumors are "leaky" because they have gaps from 200 to 2000&nbsp;nm, which allow nanoparticles to escape into the tumor. Active targeting uses biological molecules ([[Antibody|antibodies]], [[protein]]s, [[DNA]] and [[receptor ligand]]s) to preferentially target the nanoparticles to the tumor cells. There are many types of nanoparticle delivery systems, such as [[mesoporous silica|silica]], [[polymer]]s, [[liposome]]s<ref name="pmid35457065">{{cite journal | vauthors = Taléns-Visconti R, Díez-Sales O, de Julián-Ortiz JV, Nácher A | title = Nanoliposomes in Cancer Therapy: Marketed Products and Current Clinical Trials | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 23 | issue = 8 | pages = 4249 | date = Apr 2022 | doi = 10.3390/ijms23084249 | pmid = 35457065 | pmc = 9030431 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and magnetic particles. Nanoparticles made of magnetic material can also be used to concentrate agents at tumor sites using an externally applied magnetic field.<ref name="pmid21501554" /> They have emerged as a useful vehicle in [[magnetic drug delivery]] for poorly soluble agents such as [[paclitaxel]].<ref name="pmid19554862">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vines T, Faunce T | title = Assessing the safety and cost-effectiveness of early nanodrugs | journal = Journal of Law and Medicine | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 822–45 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19554862 }}</ref>