Editing Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (section)

==History==
Temporomandibular disorders were described as early as ancient Egypt.<ref name="Wright 2010">{{cite book|title=Manual of temporomandibular disorders|last=Wright|first=Edward F.| name-list-style = vanc |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2013|isbn=978-1-118-50269-3|edition=3rd|location=Ames, IA|pages=1–15}}</ref> An older name for the condition is "Costen's syndrome", eponymously referring to James B. Costen.<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|4119|Costen's syndrome}}</ref><ref name="pmid9342976">{{cite journal | vauthors = Costen JB | s2cid = 30664556 | title = A syndrome of ear and sinus symptoms dependent upon disturbed function of the temporomandibular joint. 1934 | journal = The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology | volume = 106 | issue = 10 Pt 1 | pages = 805–19 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9342976 | doi = 10.1177/000348949710601002 }}</ref> Costen was an [[otolaryngologist]],<ref name="Perry 1995" /> and although he was not the first physician to describe TMD, he wrote extensively on the topic, starting in 1934, and was the first to approach the disorder in an integrated and systematic way.<ref name="Michael 1997">{{cite journal | vauthors = Michael LA | s2cid = 57196481 | title = Jaws revisited: Costen's syndrome | journal = The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology | volume = 106 | issue = 10 Pt 1 | pages = 820–2 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9342977 | doi = 10.1177/000348949710601003 }}</ref> Costen hypothesized that [[malocclusion]] caused TMD, and placed emphasis on ear symptoms, such as tinnitus, otalgia, impaired hearing, and even dizziness.<ref name="Michael 1997" /> Specifically, Costen believed that the cause of TMD was mandibular over-closure,<ref name="Perry 1995">{{cite journal | vauthors = Perry HT | title = Temporomandibular joint dysfunction: from Costen to the present | journal = Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 163–7 | date = January 1995 | pmid = 7605085 }}</ref> recommending a treatment revolving around building up the bite.<ref name="Perry 1995" /> The eponym "Costen syndrome" became commonly used shortly after his initial work,<ref name="Michael 1997" /> but in modern times it has been dropped, partially because occlusal factors are now thought to play little, if any, role in the development of TMD,<ref name="Medscape reference">{{cite web |title=Temporomandibular Disorders |website=Medscape |url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1143410-overview#showall |publisher=WebMD |date=22 February 2017 |author=Joseph Rios |editor=Robert A. Egan |access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> and also because ear problems are now thought to be less associated with TMD. Other historically important terms that were used for TMD include "TMJ disease" or "TMJ syndrome", which are now rarely used.<ref name="Medscape reference" />

On March 31, 2020, The [[American Dental Association]] officially recognized orofacial pain as a dental speciality.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aaop.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?page_id=5&club_id=508439&item_id=53318 | title=Orofacial Pain is Now the 12th ADA-Recognized Dental Specialty - American Academy of Orofacial Pain }}</ref>