Editing Sufism (section)

===Persecution of Sufi Muslims===
{{Main|Persecution of Sufis}}
{{See also|Sectarian violence among Muslims|Sufi–Salafi relations}}
[[File:Shrine Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Sehwan Shareed, Pakistan.jpg|thumb|right|Muslim pilgrims gathered around the [[Zarih|Ḍarīẖ]] covering the [[Maqbara|grave]] (''qabr'') of the 13th-century Sufi saint [[Lal Shahbaz Qalandar]] ([[Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar|shrine]] located in [[Sehwan Sharif]], Pakistan); on 16 February 2017, [[ISIS]] claimed responsibility for a [[2017 Sehwan suicide bombing|suicide attack on the shrine]], which resulted in the deaths of 90 people.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hassan |first=Syed Raza |date=17 February 2017 |title=Pakistan's Sufis defiant after Islamic State attack on shrine kills 83 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-blast-sufis/pakistans-sufis-defiant-after-islamic-state-attack-on-shrine-kills-83-idUSKBN15W1OP |work=[[Reuters]] |location=[[London]] |access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=17 February 2017 |title=88 dead, 343 injured in Sehwan shrine explosion: official data |url=http://dailytimes.com.pk/pakistan/17-Feb-17/88-died-343-injured-in-sehwan-shrine-explosion-official-data |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)]] |access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=20 February 2017 |title=Sehwan blast: Death toll reaches 90 as two more victims succumb to injuries |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/131752-Sehwan-blast-Death-toll-reaches-90-as-two-more-victims-succumb-to-injuries |work=[[Geo News]] |access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref>]]

The persecution of Sufism and Sufi Muslims over the course of centuries has included acts of [[religious discrimination]], [[Religious persecution|persecution]] and [[Religious violence#Islam|violence]], such as the destruction of Sufi shrines, tombs, and mosques, suppression of Sufi orders, and discrimination against adherents of Sufism in a number of [[Muslim world|Muslim-majority countries]].{{sfn|Cook|2015}} The [[Republic of Turkey]] banned all Sufi orders and abolished their institutions in 1925, after Sufis opposed the new secular order. The [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] has harassed Shia Sufis, reportedly for their lack of support for the government doctrine of "[[Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist|governance of the jurist]]" (i.e., that the supreme Shiite [[Faqīh|jurist]] should be the nation's political leader).

In most other Muslim-majority countries, attacks on Sufis and especially their shrines have come from adherents of [[Islamic puritanism|puritanical]] [[Islamic fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] [[Islamic schools and branches|Islamic movements]] ([[Salafi movement|Salafism]] and [[Wahhabism]]), who believe that practices such as [[Ziyarat|visitation to]] and [[Veneration#Islam|veneration of the tombs]] of [[Saints in Islam|Sufi saints]], [[Mawlid#Other uses of the term|celebration of the birthdays of Sufi saints]], and ''[[dhikr]]'' ("remembrance" of [[God in Islam|God]]) ceremonies are ''[[bid‘ah]]'' (impure "innovation") and ''[[Shirk (Islam)|shirk]]'' ("polytheistic").{{sfn|Cook|2015}}<ref name="Specia-2017">{{cite news |last=Specia |first=Megan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/24/world/middleeast/sufi-muslim-explainer.html?emc=edit_ne_20171124&nl=evening-briefing&nlid=68634180&te=1 |title=Who Are Sufi Muslims and Why Do Some Extremists Hate Them? |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043849/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/24/world/middleeast/sufi-muslim-explainer.html?emc=edit_ne_20171124&nl=evening-briefing&nlid=68634180&te=1 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2010/may/10/islam-sufi-salafi-egypt-religion|title=Salafi intolerance threatens Sufis|first=Baher|last=Ibrahim|work=The Guardian|date=10 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mir|first=Tariq|title=Kashmir: From Sufi to Salafi|url=http://pulitzercenter.org/projects/kashmir-sufi-resurgence-salafi-islam-belief-conflict-rising-salafism-muslim-islam|work=November 5, 2012|publisher=Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting|access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamopediaonline.org/country-profile/egypt/salafists/salafi-violence-against-sufis|title=Salafi Violence against Sufis|publisher=[[Islamopedia Online]]|access-date=24 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530232126/http://www.islamopediaonline.org/country-profile/egypt/salafists/salafi-violence-against-sufis|archive-date=2013-05-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In [[Egypt]], at least 305 people were killed and more than 100 wounded during the [[2017 Sinai mosque attack|November 2017 Islamic terrorist attack]] on a Sufi mosque located in [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]]; it is considered [[Terrorism in Egypt|one of the worst terrorist attacks]] in the [[history of modern Egypt]].<ref name="Specia-2017"/><ref name="Walsh-Declan">{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Declan |last2=Youssef |first2=Nour |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/24/world/middleeast/mosque-attack-egypt.html?emc=edit_ne_20171124&nl=evening-briefing&nlid=68634180&te=1 |title=Militants Kill 305 at Sufi Mosque in Egypt's Deadliest Terrorist Attack |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032823/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/24/world/middleeast/mosque-attack-egypt.html?emc=edit_ne_20171124&nl=evening-briefing&nlid=68634180&te=1 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> Most of the victims were Sufis.<ref name="Specia-2017"/><ref name="Walsh-Declan"/>