Editing Springfield, Massachusetts (section)

===Transportation===
[[File:Springfield Union Station, July 2016.jpg|thumb|[[Springfield Union Station (Massachusetts)|Union Station]] is used for bus, Amtrak, and commuter rail service]]

Springfield is called the ''Crossroads of New England'' because it is the major shipping nexus from New York City, Boston, [[Montreal]] and the [[Great Lakes]] (via [[Albany, New York]]). Much of the cargo heading from one of these places to another crosses through the City of Springfield.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} As a geographical trade center, Springfield has more advantages than just being equidistant to these other large trade centers—it sits beside the [[Connecticut River]], is located near some of the most fertile farmland in the Northeast, and is served by numerous rail lines and [[Interstate Highways]], including [[I-90 (MA)|I-90]] ([[Massachusetts Turnpike|Mass Pike]]) and [[I-91 (MA)|I-91]], which connect New Haven, Hartford, Holyoke, [[Northampton, Massachusetts|Northampton]], and [[Vermont]] to Springfield. One of the few spurs of I-91 in Massachusetts, [[Interstate 291 (Massachusetts)|I-291]], runs through Springfield, and provides a secondary connection between I-90 and I-91.

====Rail====
[[Springfield Union Station (Massachusetts)|Springfield Union Station]], originally opened in 1926 and re-opened in 2017, is served by five [[Amtrak]] intercity routes: the ''[[Vermonter (train)|Vermonter]]'', which runs from Washington, D.C. to St. Albans, Vermont; the ''[[Lake Shore Limited]]'', which runs from Chicago to Boston; the [[Amtrak Hartford Line|Amtrak ''Hartford Line'']], which runs from Springfield to New Haven; the ''[[Valley Flyer]]'', which runs from New Haven to Greenfield; and the ''[[Northeast Regional]]'', which runs from Springfield to D.C./Virginia. Amtrak relocated its operations into Union Station proper from their previous track side station building in June 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://media.amtrak.com/2019/06/amtrak-trains-return-to-historic-springfield-union-station/ | title = Amtrak Trains Return to Historic Springfield Union Station | publisher = Amtrak | date = 2019-06-10 | accessdate = 2024-07-09}}</ref>

[[CT Rail]]'s [[Hartford Line]] started operating from Union Station in June 2018, with Springfield as the northern terminus. Trains operate to New Haven, CT with multiple stops in Connecticut along the way. The line shares the same route and station listing as the Amtrak route of the same name, and the two are operated in conjunction as a commuter rail service for the region.

The [[New Haven–Springfield Line]] was upgraded in conjunction with the launch of the Hartford Line service. The project received funding from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Federal Government, and the State of Connecticut. Amtrak trains on the route between New Haven and Springfield reach speeds of {{convert|110|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.

In 2011, Springfield Union Station started a $70&nbsp;million renovation to become an intermodal transportation facility, allowing [[Peter Pan Bus]], [[Greyhound Bus]], and the [[PVTA]] to occupy a modern space next to the renovated Union Station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.springfield-ma.gov/planning/union_station.0.html |title=Springfield Redevelopment Authority: Springfield Union Station |website=Springfield-ma.gov |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-date=June 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629074429/http://www3.springfield-ma.gov/planning/union_station.0.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was completed in June 2017.

There are no major freight yards in Springfield proper, but [[Connecticut Southern Railroad]] and [[CSX]] serve CSX's West Springfield yard across the Connecticut River.

====Bus====

The [[Pioneer Valley Transit Authority]] (PVTA) is based in Springfield and uses [[Springfield Union Station (Massachusetts)|Union Station]] as its Springfield hub, next to the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] arch that denotes the entrance to [[Metro Center, Springfield, Massachusetts|downtown Springfield]]. The PVTA operates nineteen bus routes from Union Station. The PVTA's Springfield service area includes Springfield, Holyoke, Chicopee, Westfield, West Springfield, Ludlow, Agawam, and East Longmeadow. With transfers, it is possible to travel into PVTA's northern service area, which includes Northampton, Amherst, and Easthampton.

Intercity bus service is provided by [[Peter Pan Bus Lines]] and [[Greyhound Lines]], both of which operate from Union Station. They provide service to destinations across the northeast United States.

====Air====

Springfield is primarily served by [[Bradley International Airport]], in [[Windsor Locks, Connecticut]], {{convert|12|mi}} south of downtown. It features over 100 daily departures to 30 destinations on nine airlines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bradleyairport.com/Flights/destinations.aspx |title=Destinations |publisher=Bradleyairport.com |date=April 5, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604083658/http://www.bradleyairport.com/Flights/destinations.aspx |archive-date=June 4, 2012 }}</ref> It is also the primary airport for Hartford.

Other regional airports serving Springfield include:
* [[Westfield-Barnes Regional Airport]] is 12 miles (19&nbsp;km) from downtown Springfield in [[Westfield, Massachusetts]]. It is 1.5 miles (2.4&nbsp;km) from the Massachusetts Turnpike.
* [[Westover Metropolitan Airport]] is {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} from downtown Springfield. It is {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} from the Massachusetts Turnpike.
* [[Logan International Airport]] in Boston is approximately {{convert|80|mi|km|round=5}} northeast of Springfield.

====Cycling====

The city's [[Connecticut River Walk Park]] offers a largely uninterrupted bike route from the North to South End, and is part of a broader plan by the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission to create a continuous route alongside the Connecticut River from Agawam to Holyoke, with construction and planning ongoing.<ref name=riverwalkmore>{{cite web|title=Home / Parks / Parks Facilities and Use / River Walk / More about River Walk|url=https://www.springfield-ma.gov/park/index.php?id=riverwalk-more|publisher=City of Springfield|access-date=July 27, 2011|archive-date=March 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331200405/http://springfield-ma.gov/park/index.php?id=riverwalk-more|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The city recently partnered with Bewegen<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Bewegen Bike Share System - Power Your Ride|url=https://bewegen.com/en|access-date=May 27, 2021|publisher=The Bewegen Bike Share System|language=en|archive-date=August 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802065752/https://bewegen.com/en|url-status=live}}</ref> (an e-bike share system provider) to install e-bike share stations in both Springfield<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 9, 2020|title=ValleyBike will not offer bike share program in Springfield due to coronavirus|url=https://www.masslive.com/news/2020/07/valleybike-will-not-offer-bike-share-program-in-springfield-due-to-coronavirus.html|access-date=May 27, 2021|publisher=[[The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)|MassLive.com]]|language=en|archive-date=April 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416170837/https://www.masslive.com/news/2020/07/valleybike-will-not-offer-bike-share-program-in-springfield-due-to-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and West Springfield.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pugliese|first=Ryan Trowbridge, Kaylee|title=ValleyBike launches locations in West Springfield|url=https://www.westernmassnews.com/news/valleybike-launches-locations-in-west-springfield/article_db90eaf2-ae8d-11eb-8675-f7915490e218.html|access-date=May 27, 2021|publisher=Western Mass News ([[WGGB-TV|WGGB]]/[[WSHM-TV|WSHM]])|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>