Editing Slovenia (section)

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Slovenia}}
{{Cleanup|reason=low amount of data mainly name spamming|date=September 2022}}
[[File:Ivan Grohar - Sejalec.jpg|thumb|''[[The Sower (Grohar)|The Sower]]'' (1907), by the Impressionist painter [[Ivan Grohar]], became a [[metaphor]] for Slovenes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ng-slo.si/default.asp?id=29&prikaz=opis&p=1 |title=Slovenska moderna |publisher=National Gallery of Slovenia |language=sl |first=Andrej |last=Smrekar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026195245/http://www.ng-slo.si/default.asp?id=29&prikaz=opis&p=1 |archive-date=26 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gorenjskiglas.si/novice/gg_plus/index.php?action=clanek&id=22034 |title=Je človek še Sejalec |language=sl |first=Miha |last=Naglič |date=6 June 2008 |newspaper=Gorenjski glas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208093450/http://www.gorenjskiglas.si/novice/gg_plus/index.php?action=clanek&id=22034 |archive-date=8 February 2013}}</ref> and was a reflection of the transition from a rural to an urban culture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/odprtikop/pogled-na/ivan-grohar-sejalec/ |title=Pogled na ...: Ivan Grohar, Sejalec |language=sl |publisher=RTV Slovenija |date=4 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905131330/http://www.rtvslo.si/odprtikop/pogled-na/ivan-grohar-sejalec/ |archive-date=5 September 2012}}</ref>]]

=== Heritage ===
Slovenia's architectural heritage includes 2,500 churches, 1,000 castles, ruins, and manor houses, farmhouses, and special structures for drying hay, called [[hayrack]]s ({{lang|sl|kozolci}}).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Planet|first1=Lonely|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4RADAAAQBAJ&pg=PT498|title=Lonely Planet Slovenia|last2=Bain|first2=Carolyn|last3=Fallon|first3=Steve|date=1 May 2016|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-76034-148-0|pages=498|language=en}}</ref>

Four natural and cultural sites in Slovenia are on the [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] list. [[Škocjan Caves]] and its [[karst]] landscape are a protected site<ref>{{Cite web|title=Škocjan Caves mark 30th anniversary of UNESCO listing|url=http://www.sloveniatimes.com/skocjan-caves-mark-30th-anniversary-of-unesco-listing|website=The Slovenia Times|date=26 November 2016|access-date=21 May 2020|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519004628/https://sloveniatimes.com/skocjan-caves-mark-30th-anniversary-of-unesco-listing/|url-status=dead}}</ref> as the old forests in the area of Goteniški Snežnik and Kočevski Rog in the SE Slovenia. The [[Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija|Idrija Mercury mining site]] is of world importance, as are the [[Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps|prehistoric pile dwellings]] in the [[Ljubljana Marsh]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Budja |first1=Mihael |last2=Mlekuz |first2=Dimitrij |s2cid=140165952 |title=Lake or Floodplain? Mid-Holocene Settlement Patterns and the Landscape Dynamic of the Izica Floodplain (Ljubljana Marsh, Slovenia) |journal=The Holocene |date=2010 |volume=20 |issue=8 |page=1269 |doi=10.1177/0959683610371998|bibcode=2010Holoc..20.1269B }}</ref>

The most picturesque church for photographers is the medieval and Baroque building on [[Lake Bled#Bled Island|Bled Island]]. Near [[Postojna]] there is a fortress called [[Predjama Castle]], half hidden in a cave. Museums in Ljubljana and elsewhere feature unique items such as the controversial [[Divje Babe flute]], and the [[Ljubljana Marshes Wheel|oldest wheel in the world]]. Ljubljana has medieval, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and modern architecture. The architect [[Plečnik]]'s architecture and his innovative paths and bridges along the Ljubljanica are notable and on UNESCO tentative list.

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Slovenian cuisine|Slovenian wine}}
[[File:Velika noč - jedila hren šunka pirhi potica.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Slovenian potica|Potica]] as part of traditional Slovenian Easter breakfast]]
[[File:Maribor Zametovka vine and daughter.png|right|thumb|300px|The more-than-400-year-old Žametovka vine growing outside the Old Vine House in Maribor. To the right of the vine is a daughter vine taken from a cutting of the old vine.]]
Slovenian cuisine is a mixture of Central European cuisine (especially [[Austrian cuisine|Austrian]] and [[Hungarian cuisine|Hungarian]]), [[Mediterranean cuisine]] and [[Balkan cuisine]]. Historically, Slovenian cuisine was divided into town, farmhouse, cottage, castle, parsonage and monastic cuisines. Due to the variety of Slovenian cultural and natural landscapes, there are more than 40 distinct regional cuisines.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thezaurus.com/cuisine_of_slovenia// |title=Cuisine of Slovenia |author=<Sandi Ceferin> |date= 3 April 2007|website=thezaurus.com |publisher=Institute for Slovenian Studies of Victoria |access-date=26 September 2024 |quote=}}</ref>

[[Ethnology|Ethnologically]], the most characteristic Slovene dishes were one-pot dishes, such as ''[[ričet]]'', [[Istrian stew]] ({{lang|sl|jota}}), [[minestrone]] ({{lang|sl|mineštra}}), and ''[[žganci]] ''buckwheat spoonbread; in the [[Prekmurje]] region there is also ''[[bujta repa]]'', and ''[[prekmurska gibanica]]'' pastry. [[Prosciutto]] ({{lang|sl|pršut}}) is a delicacy of the [[Slovene Littoral]]. The {{lang|sl|[[potica]]}} (a type of [[nut roll]]) has become a symbol of Slovenia, especially among the [[American Slovenes|Slovene diaspora in the United States]]. [[Soup]]s were added to the traditional one-pot meals and various kinds of porridge and stew only in relatively recent history.

Each year since 2000, the [[Roasted Potato Festival]] has been organized by the ''Society for the Recognition of Roasted Potatoes as a Distinct Dish''. Roasted potatoes, which have been traditionally served in most Slovenian families only on Sundays, have been depicted on a special edition of [[post mark]]s by the [[Post of Slovenia]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.posta.si/zasebno |title=Pošta Slovenije |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref> The best known sausage is ''[[kranjska klobasa]]''. Slovenia is also the home of the world's [[old vine|oldest vine]], which is 400 years old.

Slovenia has been awarded the [[European Region of Gastronomy]] title for the year 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.europeanregionofgastronomy.org/platform/slovenia-2021/ |title=Slovenia 2021 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=europeanregionofgastronomy.org |publisher=International Institute of Gastronomy, Culture, Arts and Tourism |access-date=10 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref>

=== Dance ===
Historically the most notable Slovenian ballet dancers and choreographers were [[Pino Mlakar]],<ref>[https://www.dnevnik.si/204038 Umrl baletnik Pino Mlakar], Dnevnik, 2 October 2006</ref> who in 1927 graduated from the [[Rudolf von Laban|Rudolf Laban]] Choreographic Institute, and there met his future wife, balerina [[Pia Mlakar|Maria Luiza Pia Beatrice Scholz]]. Together they worked as a leading dancer and a choreographer in [[Dessau]], [[Zürich]], and State opera in [[München]].<ref name="Opera_si">[http://www.opera.si/sl/o-gledaliscu/balet/pia-in-pino-mlakar/ Pia and Pino Mlakar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606082847/http://www.opera.si/sl/o-gledaliscu/balet/pia-in-pino-mlakar/ |date=6 June 2019 }}, The Slovenian National Theatre Opera and Ballet Ljubljana website</ref> Their plan to build a Slovenian dance centre at [[Rožnik Hill]] after the World War II was supported by the minister of culture, Ferdo Kozak, but was cancelled by his successor.<ref>Branko Miklavc: [https://www.dnevnik.si/205208 Na konec sveta bom potoval, samo da ju še enkrat vidim plesati], Dnevnik, 7 October 2006</ref> Pino Mlakar was also a full professor at the [[Academy for Theatre, Radio, Film and Television]] (AGRFT) of the [[University of Ljubljana]]. A [[Mary Wigman]] [[modern dance]] school was founded in the 1930s by her student, [[Meta Vidmar]], in Ljubljana.<ref>Nika Arhar: [https://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/oder/uprizarjanje-zgodovine-sodobnega-plesa/381978 Uprizarjanje zgodovine sodobnega plesa], MMC RTVSLO, 25 December 2015</ref>

=== Festivals, book fairs, and other events ===
A number of music, theatre, film, book, and children's festivals take place in Slovenia each year, including the music festivals [[Ljubljana Summer Festival]] and [[Lent Festival]], the stand-up comedy [[Punch Festival]], the children's [[Pippi Longstocking Festival]], and the book festivals [[Slovene book fair]] and [[Frankfurt after the Frankfurt]].

The most notable music festival of Slovene music was historically the [[Slovenska popevka]] festival.<ref>[http://www.delo.si/kultura/glasba/slovenska-popevka-velik-poudarek-na-pevcih-in-skladateljih-pesniki-bolj-v-oklepaju.html Slovenska popevka: velik poudarek na pevcih in skladateljih, pesniki bolj v oklepaju. Enkrat še zapoj: 50 let Slovenske popevke Vladimirja Frantarja pri celjski Mohorjevi družbi.], [[Delo (newspaper)|Delo]], 5. September 2012.</ref> Between 1981 and 2000 the [[Novi Rock]] festival was notable for bringing rock music across [[Iron curtain]] from the West to the Slovenian and then Yugoslav audience. The long tradition of jazz festivals in [[Titoism|Titoist]] Yugoslavia began with the Ljubljana Jazz Festival which has been held annually in Slovenia since 1960.<ref>[http://en.ljubljanajazz.si/home/ Ljubljana Jazz Festival] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723130107/http://en.ljubljanajazz.si/home/ |date=23 July 2012 }}, an official site (in English)</ref>

=== Film ===
Slovene film actors and actresses historically include [[Ida Kravanja]], who played her roles as ''Ita Rina'' in the early European films, and [[Metka Bučar]].<ref>[http://www.muzejdivaca.si/o_muzeju/zgodovina/ Museum of Slovene Film Actors], [[Divača]], official website.</ref> After WW II, one of the most notable film actors was [[Polde Bibič]], who played a number of roles in many films that were well received in Slovenia, and also performed in television and radio drama.<ref name="Bibic_in_memoriam">{{cite news |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/oder/umrl-je-polde-bibic-starosta-slovenskega-igralskega-ceha/287328 |title=Umrl je Polde Bibič, starosta slovenskega igralskega ceha |language=sl|date=13 July 2012 |newspaper=Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija}}</ref>

Feature film and short film production in Slovenia historically includes [[Karol Grossmann]], [[František Čap]], [[France Štiglic]], [[Igor Pretnar]], [[Jože Pogačnik]], [[Peter Zobec]], [[Matjaž Klopčič]], [[Boštjan Hladnik]], [[Dušan Jovanović (theatre director)|Dušan Jovanović]], [[Vitan Mal]], [[Franci Slak]], and [[Karpo Godina]] as its most established filmmakers. Contemporary film directors [[Filip Robar - Dorin]], [[Jan Cvitkovič]], [[Damjan Kozole]], [[Janez Lapajne]], [[Mitja Okorn]], and [[Marko Naberšnik]] are among the representatives of the so-called "Renaissance of Slovenian cinema". Slovene screenwriters, who are not film directors, include [[Saša Vuga]] and [[Miha Mazzini]]. Women film directors include [[Polona Sepe]], [[Hanna A. W. Slak]], and [[Maja Weiss]].<ref>Furlan, S. (1994) ''Filmografija slovenskih celovečernih filmov: 1931 – 1993''. Slovenski gledališki in filmski muzej. Ljubljana.</ref>

=== Literature ===
{{further|List of Slovene writers and poets in Hungary|List of Slovenian women writers}}

[[File:Prešern-Goldenstein.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[France Prešeren]], best-known Slovenian poet]]

History of [[Slovene literature]] began in the 16th century with [[Primož Trubar]] and [[Protestant Reformation in the Slovene Lands|other Protestant Reformers]]. Poetry in [[Slovene language|Slovene]] achieved its highest level with the [[Romantic poetry|Romantic]] poet [[France Prešeren]]. In the 20th century, Slovene literary fiction went through several periods: the beginning of the century was marked by the authors of the [[Slovene Modernism]], with the most influential Slovene writer and playwright, [[Ivan Cankar]]; it was then followed by [[expressionism]] ([[Srečko Kosovel]]), avantgardism ([[Anton Podbevšek]], [[Ferdo Delak]]) and [[social realism]] ([[Ciril Kosmač]], [[Prežihov Voranc]]) before World War II, the [[poetry of resistance and revolution]] ([[Karel Destovnik Kajuh]], [[Matej Bor]]) during the war, and [[intimism (Slovene poetry)|intimism]] ([[Poems of the Four]], 1953), [[Slovenian post-war modernism|post-war modernism]] ([[Edvard Kocbek]]), and [[existentialism]] ([[Dane Zajc]]) after the war.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

[[Postmodernism|Postmodernist]] authors include [[Boris A. Novak]], [[Marko Kravos]], [[Drago Jančar]], [[Evald Flisar]], [[Tomaž Šalamun]], and [[Brina Svit]]. Among the post-1990 authors best known are [[Aleš Debeljak]], [[Miha Mazzini]], and [[Alojz Ihan]]. There are several [[literary magazines]] that publish Slovene prose, poetry, essays, and local literary criticism.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} Today, notable authors include [[Slavoj Žižek]], [[Mladen Dolar]], [[Alenka Zupančič]] as well as [[Boris Pahor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/drugo/boris-pahor-je-ime-leta-po-izboru-vala-202/157607 |title=Boris Pahor je ime leta po izboru Vala 202 :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija |publisher=Rtvslo.si |access-date=9 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mladinska.com/boris_pahor/iz_medijev |title=Mladinska knjiga – Iz medijev |publisher=Mladinska.com |date=26 August 2009 |access-date=9 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303135514/http://www.mladinska.com/boris_pahor/iz_medijev |archive-date=3 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Media===
{{main|Media of Slovenia}}

=== Music ===

{{main|Music of Slovenia}}
[[File:Prečrtana kitica Zdravljice.jpg|thumb|upright|"[[Zdravljica]]" (''A Toast''; part) with rejection mark from [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] censorship (due to potential revolutionary content); the music of Zdravljica is now the Slovenian national [[anthem]]]]
Music of Slovenia historically includes numerous musicians and composers, such as the [[Renaissance]] composer [[Jacobus Gallus]], who greatly influenced Central European classical music, the Baroque composer [[Joannes Baptista Dolar]], and the violin virtuoso [[Giuseppe Tartini]].{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} The first Slovenian hymnal, ''[[Eni Psalmi]]'', was published in 1567. This period saw the rise of musicians like [[Jacobus Gallus]] and [[George Slatkonia]].<ref>Oto Luthar ''The Land Between: A History of Slovenia''</ref> In 1701, [[Johann Berthold von Höffer]] founded the [[Slovenian Philharmonics|Academia Philharmonicorum Labacensis]], as one of the oldest such institutions in Europe, based on Italian models.<ref>George J. Buelow (2004) ''A History of Baroque Music'', p. 701.</ref> Composers of Slovenian [[Lieder]] and [[art song]]s include [[Emil Adamič]], [[Fran Gerbič]], [[Alojz Geržinič]], [[Benjamin Ipavec]], [[Davorin Jenko]], [[Anton Lajovic]], [[Kamilo Mašek]], [[Josip Pavčič]], [[Zorko Prelovec]], and [[Lucijan Marija Škerjanc]].

In the early 20th century, [[impressionism]] was spreading across Slovenia, which soon produced composers [[Marij Kogoj]] and [[Slavko Osterc]]. Avant-garde [[european classical music|classical music]] arose in Slovenia in the 1960s, largely due to the work of [[Uroš Krek]], [[Dane Skerl|Dane Škerl]], [[Primoz Ramovs|Primož Ramovš]] and [[Ivo Petric|Ivo Petrić]], who also conducted the [[Slavko Osterc Ensemble]]. [[Jakob Jez|Jakob Jež]], [[Darijan Božič]], [[Lojze Lebic|Lojze Lebič]] and [[Vinko Globokar]] have since composed enduring works, especially Globokar's ''[[L'Armonia (opera)|L'Armonia]]'', an opera.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} Modern composers include [[Uros Rojko|Uroš Rojko]], [[Tomaz Svete|Tomaž Svete]], [[Brina Jez-Brezavscek|Brina Jež-Brezavšček]], [[Božidar Kantušer]] and [[Aldo Kumar]].

The [[Slovene National Opera and Ballet Theatre]] serves as the national opera and ballet house. The [[Slovenian Philharmonics]], established in 1701 as part of [[Academia operosorum Labacensis]], is among the oldest such institutions in Europe.

[[File:Slak lojze.jpg|thumbnail|Folk musician [[Lojze Slak]]]]

[[Harmony]] singing is a deep rooted tradition in Slovenia, and is at least three-part singing (four voices), while in some regions even up to eight-part singing (nine voices). Slovenian folk songs, thus, usually resounds soft and harmonious, and are very seldom in minor. Traditional Slovenian folk music is performed on Styrian harmonica (the oldest type of accordion), fiddle, clarinet, [[zither]]s, flute, and by brass bands of alpine type. In [[Prekmurje|eastern Slovenia]], fiddle and cimbalon bands are called [[velike goslarije]]. From 1952 on, the [[Slavko Avsenik]]'s band began to appear in broadcasts, movies, and concerts all over the [[West Germany]], inventing the original "[[Gorenjska|Oberkrainer]]" country sound. The band produced nearly 1000 original compositions, an integral part of the [[Slovenian-style polka]] legacy. Many musicians followed Avsenik's steps, including [[Lojze Slak]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.total-slovenia-news.com/lifestyle/316-a-short-guide-to-slovenian-oompah-music| title = Neža Loštrek, A Short Guide to Slovenian Oompah Music" ''Total Slovenian News'' (3 Jan 2018)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6VdjCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT169| title = Rick March and Dick Blau, ''Polka Heartland: Why the Midwest Loves to Polka'' (Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society, 2015), 169.| isbn = 9780870207235| last1 = March| first1 = Rick| last2 = Blau| first2 = Dick| date = 20 October 2015| publisher = Wisconsin Historical Society}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|isbn = 978-0870207235|title = Polka Heartland: Why the Midwest Loves to Polka|last1 = March|first1 = Rick|last2 = Blau|first2 = Dick|date = 20 October 2015| publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society }}</ref>
[[File:LAIBACH Press Photo 2011.jpg|thumb|The [[Industrial music|industrial]] group [[Laibach (band)|Laibach]]]]

Among pop, rock, industrial, and indie musicians the most popular in Slovenia include [[industrial music]] group [[Laibach (band)|Laibach]], as well as [[Siddharta (band)|Siddharta]], a rock band formed in 1995. [[Perpetuum Jazzile]] is the group from Slovenia that is internationally most listened online, with more than 23 million views for the official [[a cappella]] "[[Africa (Toto song)|Africa]]" video since its publishing on YouTube in May 2009 (through January 2023).<ref name="youtube_africa">{{YouTube|yjbpwlqp5Qw|Perpetuum Jazzile: Africa}}. Retrieved 1/18/2023.</ref> Other Slovenian bands include a historically [[progressive rock]] ones that were also popular in [[Titoism|Titoist]] Yugoslavia, such as [[Buldožer]] and [[Lačni Franz]], which inspired later [[comedy rock]] bands including [[Zmelkoow]], [[Slon in Sadež]] and [[Mi2 (rock band)|Mi2]].<ref>[http://www.delo.si/kultura/15-let-mi2.html 15 years of Mi2 band], [[Delo (newspaper)|Delo]], 26 October 2010</ref> With exception of [[Terrafolk]] that made appearances worldwide, other bands, such as [[Avtomobili]], [[Zaklonišče Prepeva]], [[Šank Rock]], [[Big Foot Mama]], [[Dan D]], and [[Zablujena generacija]], are mostly unknown outside the country. Slovenian metal bands include [[Noctiferia]] ([[death metal]]), [[Negligence (band)|Negligence]] ([[thrash metal]]), [[Naio Ssaion]] ([[gothic metal]]), and Within Destruction ([[deathcore]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arising-empire.com/walking-dead-on-broadway-to-support-within-destruction-in-march/?lang=en|title=WALKING DEAD ON BROADWAY – to support WITHIN DESTRUCTION in March! – Arising Empire|website=arising-empire.com|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202190414/http://www.arising-empire.com/walking-dead-on-broadway-to-support-within-destruction-in-march/?lang=en|archive-date=2 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Slovenian post-WWII singer-songwriters include [[Frane Milčinski]], [[Tomaž Pengov]] whose 1973 album ''Odpotovanja'' is considered to be the first singer-songwriter album in [[former Yugoslavia]],<ref>[http://www.mladina.si/tednik/200709/clanek/kul--glasba-miha_stamcar_deja_crnovic Pripotovanje hrepenenca — Tomaž Pengov, kantavtor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405011506/http://www.mladina.si/tednik/200709/clanek/kul--glasba-miha_stamcar_deja_crnovic/ |date=5 April 2011 }}, [[Mladina]], 3 March 2007</ref> [[Tomaž Domicelj]], [[Marko Brecelj]], [[Andrej Šifrer]], [[Eva Sršen]], [[Neca Falk]], and [[Jani Kovačič]]. After 1990, [[Adi Smolar]], [[Iztok Mlakar]], [[Vita Mavrič]], [[Vlado Kreslin]], [[Zoran Predin]], [[Peter Lovšin]], and [[Magnifico (musician)|Magnifico]] have been popular in Slovenia, as well. In the 21st century, there have been many successful artists from Slovenia. They include country musician [[ManuElla|Manu]], [[zalagasper]], [[Nika Zorjan]], [[Omar Naber]], [[Raiven]], and [[Joker Out]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Eurovision 2023: All 37 songs |url=https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-2023-full-lineup |website=eurovision.tv |date=16 March 2023 |access-date=19 September 2023}}</ref>

=== Theatre ===
[[File:Lublana 143.jpg|thumb|The [[Slovene National Theatre, Ljubljana|National Theatre]] in [[Ljubljana]]]]

Theater has a rich tradition in Slovenia, starting with the 1867 first ever Slovene-language drama performance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The beginnings and achievements of the Slovenian theater of modern times: the 150th anniversary of the foundation of the Drama Society in Ljubljana |url=https://www.slogi.si/en/publikacije/the-beginnings-and-achievements-of-the-slovenian-theater-of-modern-age/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=SLOGI |language=en-US}}</ref> In addition to the main houses, which include [[Slovene National Theatre, Ljubljana]] and [[Maribor National Drama Theatre]], a number of small producers are active in Slovenia, including [[physical theatre]] (e.g. [[Betontanc]]), [[street theatre]] (e.g. [[Ana Monró Theatre]]), [[theatresports]] championship [[Impro League]], and [[improvisational theatre]] (e.g. [[IGLU Theatre]]). A popular form is [[puppetry]], mainly performed in the [[Ljubljana Puppet Theatre]].

=== Visual arts, architecture and design ===

Slovenia's visual arts, architecture, and design are shaped by a number of architects, designers, painters, sculptors, photographers, graphics artists, as well as comics, illustration and conceptual artists. Two significant prestigious institutions exhibiting works of Slovene visual artists are the [[National Gallery of Slovenia]] and the [[Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana|Museum of Modern Art]].

[[Modern architecture]] in Slovenia was introduced by [[Max Fabiani]], and in the mid-war period, [[Jože Plečnik]] and [[Ivan Vurnik]].<ref name="Štravs2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.delo.si/clanek/147475 |title=Vurnikova hiša na Miklošičevi: najlepša hiša v Ljubljani |language=sl |newspaper=Delo.si |first=Smilja |last=Štravs |publisher=Delo, d. d. |date=8 April 2011 |issn=1854-6544}}</ref> In the second half of the 20th century, the national and universal style were merged by the architects [[Edvard Ravnikar]] and first generation of his students: Milan Mihelič, Stanko Kristl, Savin Sever. The next generation is mainly still active, including [[Marko Mušič]], [[Vojteh Ravnikar]], and [[Jurij Kobe]]. Selected works of Jože Plečnik which shaped Ljubljana during the inter-war period were inscribed on [[UNESCO]]'s list of [[World Heritage Site]]s in 2021.<ref name="plecnik whc">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1643|title=The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |date=28 July 2021 |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref>

A number of [[conceptual art|conceptual visual art]] groups formed, including [[OHO (art group)|OHO]], [[Group 69]], and [[IRWIN]]. Nowadays, the Slovene visual arts are diverse, based on tradition, reflect the influence of neighboring nations and are intertwined with modern European movements.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlb.si/razstava-uznlb-v-bruslju |title=Razstava UZNLB v Bruslju – NLB |publisher=Nlb.si |access-date=2 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428133728/http://www.nlb.si/razstava-uznlb-v-bruslju |archive-date=28 April 2009}}</ref>

Internationally most notable Slovenian design items include the 1952 [[Rex (chair)|Rex]] chair, a [[Scandinavian design]]-inspired wooden chair, by interior designer [[Niko Kralj]] that was given in 2012 a permanent place in [[Designmuseum]], [[Denmark]], the largest museum of design in Scandinavia, and is included in the collection of the [[Museum of Modern Art, New York|Museum of Modern Art]] [[Museum of Modern Art|MOMA]] in New York City, as well. An [[industrial design]] item that has changed the international ski industry is [[Elan SCX]] by [[Elan (company)|Elan]] company.

[[File:V. Vodnik monument Ljubljana front side 2008-03.jpg|thumb|upright|The sculpture of the poet [[Valentin Vodnik]] was created by Alojz Gangl in 1889 as part of [[Vodnik Monument]], the first Slovene national monument.]]
The renewal of Slovene sculpture begun with [[Alojz Gangl]] who created sculptures for the public monuments of the [[Carniola]]n polymath [[Johann Weikhard von Valvasor]] and [[Valentin Vodnik]], the first Slovene poet and journalist, as well as ''The Genius of the Theatre'' and other statues for the [[Slovenian National Opera and Ballet Theatre]] building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ng-slo.si/default.asp?id=30&prikaz=opis&p=1|title=Kiparstvo 19. in 20. stoletja|access-date=1 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001135943/http://www.ng-slo.si/default.asp?id=30&prikaz=opis&p=1|archive-date=1 October 2006}}</ref> The development of sculpture after World War II was led by a number of artists, including brothers [[Boris Kalin|Boris]] and [[Zdenko Kalin]], [[Jakob Savinšek]] stayed with figural art. Younger sculptors, for example [[Janez Boljka]], [[Drago Tršar]] and particularly [[Slavko Tihec]], moved towards [[abstract sculpture|abstract]] forms. [[Jakov Brdar]] and [[Mirsad Begić]] returned to human figures.

During World War II, numerous graphics were created by [[Božidar Jakac]], who helped establish the post-war [[Academy of Visual Arts and Design, Ljubljana|Academy of Visual Arts]] in Ljubljana.

In 1917 [[Hinko Smrekar]] illustrated [[Fran Levstik]]'s book about the well-known Slovene folk hero [[Martin Krpan]]. The children's books illustrators include a number of women illustrators, such as [[Marlenka Stupica]], [[Marija Lucija Stupica]], [[Ančka Gošnik Godec]], [[Marjanca Jemec Božič]], and [[Jelka Reichman]].

Historically, painting and sculpture in Slovenia was in the late 18th and the 19th century marked by [[Neoclassicism]] ([[Matevž Langus]]), [[Biedermeier#Visual arts|Biedermeier]] ([[Giuseppe Tominz]]) and [[Romantic visual arts|Romanticism]] ([[Michael Stroy]]). The first art exhibition in Slovenia was organized in the late 19th century by [[Ivana Kobilca]]. [[impressionism (arts)|Impressionist]] artists include [[Matej Sternen]], [[Matija Jama]], [[Rihard Jakopič]], [[Ivan Grohar]] whose ''The Sower'' (Slovene: Sejalec) was depicted on the €0.05 [[Slovenian euro coins]], and [[Franc Berneker]], who introduced impressionism to Slovenia. [[Expressionism|Espressionist]] painters include [[Veno Pilon]] and [[Tone Kralj]] whose picture book, reprinted thirteen times, is now the most recognisable image of Martin Krpan.<ref>[http://www.posta.si/Namizje.aspx?tabid=397&artikelid=7550] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040723081925/http://www.posta.si/Namizje.aspx?tabid=397&artikelid=7550|date=23 July 2004}}</ref> Some of the best known painters in the second half of the 20th century were [[Zoran Mušič]], [[Gabrijel Stupica]] and [[Marij Pregelj]].

In 1841, [[Janez Puhar]] invented a process for photography on glass, recognized on 17 June 1852 in Paris by the Académie Nationale Agricole, Manufacturière et Commerciale.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.puhar.si/?J=202000004 | title=Life and work of Janez Puhar &#124; (accessed December 13, 2009) | access-date=22 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511112455/http://www.puhar.si/?J=202000004 | archive-date=11 May 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gojmir Anton Kos]] was a notable [[Realism (arts)|realist]] painter and photographer between First World War and WW II.

=== Sports ===
{{Main|Sport in Slovenia}}
[[File:Tina Maze with Olympic silver medal 2010.jpg|thumb|upright|Alpine skier [[Tina Maze]], a double Olympic gold medalist and the overall winner of the 2012–13 World Cup season]]
Slovenia is a natural sports venue, with many Slovenians actively practicing sports.<ref name="SportSLO.SI">{{cite web |url=http://www.slovenia.si/en/slovenia/society/sport/ |title=Sport |work=Slovenia.si |series=I Feel Slovenia |year=2010 |publisher=Government Communication Office, Republic of Slovenia |access-date=9 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303105851/http://www.slovenia.si/en/slovenia/society/sport/ |archive-date=3 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A variety of sports are played in Slovenia on a professional level,<ref name="medjugorac4">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.ukom.gov.si/fileadmin/ukom.gov.si/pageuploads/dokumenti/Publikacije/SLOVENIA_SportsAndChampions_OI.pdf |chapter=Sports: The Competitive Gene |title=Sports&Champions: Magical Challenges, Inspiring Winners |pages=4–5 |publisher=Government Communication Office, Republic of Slovenia |date=November 2009 |first=Igor |last=Medjugorac |series=I Feel Slovenia |id={{COBISS|ID=7023646}} |access-date=9 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510062629/http://www.ukom.gov.si/fileadmin/ukom.gov.si/pageuploads/dokumenti/Publikacije/SLOVENIA_SportsAndChampions_OI.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with international successes in handball, basketball, volleyball, football, ice hockey, rowing, swimming, tennis, boxing, climbing, road cycling and athletics. Prior to World War II, gymnastics and fencing used to be the most popular sports in Slovenia, with athletes like [[Leon Štukelj]] and [[Miroslav Cerar (gymnast)|Miroslav Cerar]] gaining gold Olympic medals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovenske medalje na Olimpijskih igrah: Doslej so osvojili 34 odličij |url=https://www.dnevnik.si/341543 |website=[[Dnevnik (Slovenia)|Dnevnik]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=19 August 2008}}</ref> Football gained popularity in the interwar period. After 1945, basketball, handball and volleyball have become popular among Slovenians, and from the mid-1970s, winter sports as well. Since 1992, Slovenian sportspeople have won [[Slovenia at the Olympics|55 Olympic medals]], including 14 gold medals, and [[Slovenia at the Paralympics|26 Paralympic medals]] with five golds.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovenia – at the olympics – olympic medals and facts |url=https://www.olympiandatabase.com/index.php?id=13602&L=1 |website=olympiandatabase.com |access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Slovenske paraolimpijske medalje |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/sport/paraolimpijske-igre/paraolimpijske-igre-2020/slovenske-paraolimpijske-medalje/589704 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=30 August 2021 |language=sl}}</ref>

Individual sports are also very popular in Slovenia, including tennis and mountaineering, which are two of the most widespread sporting activities in Slovenia. Several Slovenian extreme and endurance sportsmen have gained an international reputation, including the mountaineer [[Tomaž Humar]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Tomaz Humar: Obituaries Pioneering Slovenian mountaineer whose daring solo ascents eventually cost him his life in the Himalayas |work=The Times |date=November 16, 2009 |location=London (UK) |page=47}}</ref> the mountain skier [[Davo Karničar]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sandomor |first1=Richard |title=Davo Karnicar, 56, Dies; Was First Extreme Skier to Glide Down Everest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/22/sports/skiing/Davo-Karnicar-Dies.html |access-date=7 November 2021 |work=The New York Times |issue=Late Edition (East Coast) |date=September 23, 2019 |location=New York, N.Y. |page=A.24}}</ref> the ultramarathon swimmer [[Martin Strel]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Slovenian completes Amazon swim |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6536283.stm |access-date=7 November 2021 |work=BBC News |date=April 7, 2007}}</ref> and the ultracyclist [[Jure Robič]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jure Robic: Obituaries |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/sport-obituaries/8166222/Jure-Robic.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/sport-obituaries/8166222/Jure-Robic.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=7 November 2021 |work=The Telegraph |date=November 28, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Past and current winter sports athletes include alpine skiers, such as [[Mateja Svet]], [[Bojan Križaj]], [[Ilka Štuhec]] and double Olympic gold medalist [[Tina Maze]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pavčnik |first1=Martin |title=Konec nekega obdobja |url=https://siol.net/sportal/zimski-sporti/konec-nekega-obdobja-543235 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=12 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Štakul |first1=Matej |title=Tina Maze: 2 zlati na OI, 4 zlate na svetovnih prvenstvih, 3 globusi in 26 posamičnih zmag v svetovnem pokalu |url=https://www.dnevnik.si/1042712494/sport/alpsko-/tina-maze-2-zlati-na-oi-4-zlate-na-svetovnih-prvenstvih-3-globusi-in-26-posamicnih-zmag-v-svetovnem-pokalu |website=[[Dnevnik (Slovenia)|Dnevnik]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=7 May 2015}}</ref> cross-country skier [[Petra Majdič]],<ref>{{cite web |author1=STA |author2=A. T. K. |title=Petra Majdič: Za zdaj ne kaže, da bi kdo zaspal |url=https://siol.net/sportal/olimpizem/petra-majdic-za-zdaj-ne-kaze-da-bi-kdo-zaspal-305531 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=30 January 2014}}</ref> and ski jumpers, such as [[Primož Peterka]] and [[Peter Prevc]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lopatič |first1=Jaka |title=Dva najboljša slovenska skakalca v vsej svoji veličini |url=https://siol.net/sportal/zimski-sporti/dva-najboljsa-slovenska-skakalca-v-vsej-svoji-velicini-405043 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=22 December 2015}}</ref> Boxing has gained popularity since [[Jan Zaveck]] won the [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] [[List of welterweight boxing champions|Welterweight World Champion]] title in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |author1=A. V. |title=Zavec svetovni prvak v boksu! |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/sport/preostali-sporti/zavec-svetovni-prvak-v-boksu/218992 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=11 December 2009}}</ref> In 2021, rock climber [[Janja Garnbret]] became the first female Olympic gold medalist in [[sport climbing]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovenian Janja Garnbret wins first women's climbing gold medal at Tokyo Olympics |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/31972015/slovenian-janja-garnbret-wins-first-olympic-climbing-gold-medal |website=ESPN |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=en |date=6 August 2021}}</ref>
 
In cycling, [[Primož Roglič]] became the first Slovenian to win a [[Grand Tour (cycling)|Grand Tour]] when he won the [[2019 Vuelta a España]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Konec je! Primož Roglič je zmagovalec Vuelte 2019! He repeated his wins in 2020 and 2021.|url=https://siol.net/sportal/kolesarstvo/dirka-po-spaniji-2019-21-etapa-primoz-roglic-507202 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=15 September 2019}}</ref> [[Tadej Pogačar]] won the [[Tour de France]], the world's most competitive cycling race, in 2020, 2021 and 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pirnat |first1=Aljaž |title=Tadej Pogačar še tretjič v karieri zmagovalec francoske pentlje |url=https://www.sport-tv.si/tadej-pogacar-se-tretjic-v-karieri-zmagovalec-francoske-pentlje/ |website=[[Šport TV (Slovenia)|Šport TV]] |access-date=30 July 2024 |language=sl-SI |date=21 July 2024}}</ref> Prominent team sports in Slovenia include football, basketball, handball, volleyball, and ice hockey. The [[Slovenia national football team|men's national football team]] has qualified for two [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championships]] (2000 and 2024) and two [[FIFA World Cup|World Cups]] (2002 and 2010).<ref>{{cite web |title=(FOTO in VIDEO) Sloveniji je uspelo, nogometaši prihodnje leto potujejo na evropsko prvenstvo |url=https://vecer.com/sport/foto-in-video-sloveniji-je-uspelo-nogometasi-prihodnje-leto-potujejo-na-evropsko-prvenstvo-10344452 |website=[[Večer (Slovenia)|Večer]] |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=sl |date=20 November 2023 |quote=Slovenija bo tako četrtič nastopila na velikem tekmovanju. Doslej je po vodstvom Srečka Katanca igrala na evropskem prvenstvu 2000 in svetovnem prvenstvu 2002, pod vodstvom Matjaža Keka pa še na SP 2010.}}</ref> Of Slovenian clubs, [[NK Maribor]] played three times in the group stages of the [[UEFA Champions League]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Uredništvo |title=Liga prvakov: Maribor je četrti najboljši klub iz nekdanje bivše države|url=https://www.nogomania.com/Novica/Liga-prvakov-Maribor-je-cetrti-najboljsi-klub-iz-nekdanje-bivse-drzave |publisher=Nogomania |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=24 December 2019}}</ref> The [[Slovenian national basketball team|men's national basketball team]] has participated at 14 [[EuroBasket]]s, winning the gold medal in the 2017 edition,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lopatič |first1=Jaka |title=Perfektna Slovenija za zgodovinsko zlato in Dragićeva pravljica |url=https://siol.net/sportal/kosarka/perfektna-slovenija-za-zgodovinsko-zlato-in-dragiceva-pravljica-449349 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=17 September 2017}}</ref> and at four [[FIBA World Championship]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovenci dočakali tekmece v skupinskem delu SP|url=https://siol.net/sportal/kosarka/zreb-skupin-za-svetovno-prvenstvo-2023-slovenija-605356 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=25 August 2023 |language=sl |date=29 April 2023 |quote=Slovenija bo četrtič udeleženka turnirja 32 najboljših ekip na svetu.}}</ref> Slovenia also hosted the [[EuroBasket 2013]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=S. J. |title=Eurobasket v Sloveniji bo med 4. in 22. septembrom 2013 |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/sport/kosarka/eurobasket-v-sloveniji-bo-med-4-in-22-septembrom-2013/253502 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=20 March 2011}}</ref> The [[Slovenia men's national handball team|men's national handball team]] has qualified for four Olympics,<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovenski rokometaši četrtič na olimpijskih igrah! |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/sport/rokomet/slovenski-rokometasi-cetrtic-na-olimpijskih-igrah/701885 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=28 April 2024 |language=sl |date=17 March 2024}}</ref> eleven IHF [[IHF World Men's Handball Championship|World Championships]], including their third-place finish in 2017,<ref>{{cite web |author1=A. V. |title=Levjesrčni Slovenci vstali "od mrtvih" in osvojili bron zlatega leska! |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/sport/rokomet/sp-v-rokometu-2017/levjesrcni-slovenci-vstali-od-mrtvih-in-osvojili-bron-zlatega-leska/413614 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=28 January 2017}}</ref> and fourteen [[European Men's Handball Championship|European Championships]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Okorn |first1=Tomaž |title=Sporočilo rokometne himne že začutili Nemci, naj ga čim večkrat še Slovenci |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/sport/rokomet/ep-v-rokometu-2024/sporocilo-rokometne-himne-ze-zacutili-nemci-naj-ga-cim-veckrat-se-slovenci/694373 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=11 January 2024 |language=sl |date=11 January 2024|quote=Slovenija štirinajstič nastopa na evropskih prvenstvih.}}</ref> Slovenia was the hosts of the [[2004 European Men's Handball Championship|2004 European Championship]], where the national team won the silver medal.<ref name="2004handball">{{cite web |last1=Kavčič |first1=Simon |last2=Lenart |first2=Špela |title=Leto, ko Slovencem ni bilo para |url=https://siol.net/sportal/sportal-plus/leto-slovenskega-rokometa-2004-499874 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=11 June 2019}}</ref> Slovenia's most prominent handball team, [[RK Celje]], won the [[EHF Champions League]] in the 2003–04 season.<ref name="2004handball"/> In women's handball, [[RK Krim]] won the [[Women's EHF Champions League|Champions League]] in 2001 and 2003.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mastnak |first1=Maja |title=S Tisljem ponoviti leto 2001 in 2003 |url=https://siol.net/sportal/rokomet/s-tisljem-ponoviti-leto-2001-in-2003-351811 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=sl |date=28 July 2011}}</ref> The [[Slovenia men's national volleyball team|men's national volleyball team]] has won three silver medals at the [[Men's European Volleyball Championship|European Volleyball Championship]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jerič |first1=Slavko |title=Srebrno obdobje z zlatimi nastavki |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/kolumne/slavko-jeric/srebrno-obdobje-z-zlatimi-nastavki/594569 |publisher=[[RTV Slovenija]] |access-date=20 September 2021 |language=sl |date=20 September 2021}}</ref> and finished fourth at the [[2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship|2022 World Championship]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Brazilcem bronasta, Slovencem "lesena" medalja |url=https://siol.net/sportal/odbojka/porocilo-slovenija-brazilija-587754 |publisher=[[Siol]] |access-date=11 September 2022 |language=sl |date=11 September 2022}}</ref> The [[Slovenia men's national ice hockey team|national ice hockey team]] has participated in 31 [[Ice Hockey World Championships]], with 11 appearances in the highest division.<ref>{{cite web |title=V Stockholmu in Herningu se začenja hokejsko SP |url=https://www.24ur.com/sport/hokej/v-stockholmu-in-herningu-se-zacenja-hokejsko-sp.html |website=24ur.com |access-date=9 May 2025 |language=sl |date=9 May 2025 |quote=V družbi najboljših 16 reprezentanc sveta je letos enajstič tudi Slovenija.}}</ref>