Editing Renaissance architecture (section)

===Baltic region===
[[File:House of Blackheads at Dusk 3, Riga, Latvia - Diliff.jpg|thumb|right|The [[House of the Blackheads (Riga)|House of the Blackheads]] in [[Riga]], Latvia]]
{{main|Renaissance in Poland|Architecture of Estonia}}
The Renaissance arrived late in what is today [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]], the so-called [[Baltic States]], and did not make a great imprint architecturally. It was a politically tumultuous time, marked by the decline of the [[State of the Teutonic Order]] and the [[Livonian War]].

In Estonia, artistic influences came from Dutch, Swedish and Polish sources.<ref name=toivo>{{cite book |last=Miljan |first=Toivo |title=Historical Dictionary of Estonia |year=2004 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810865716 |page=105}}</ref> The building of the [[House of the Blackheads (Tallinn)|Brotherhood of the Blackheads in Tallinn]] with a façade designed by [[Arent Passer]], is the only truly Renaissance building in the country that has survived more or less intact.<ref name= "Viirand">{{cite book | last = Viirand| first = Tiiu| title = Estonia. Cultural Tourism | publisher = Kunst Publishers | year = 2004 | page = 23 | isbn = 9949407184 }}</ref> Significantly for these troubled times, the only other examples are purely military buildings, such as the ''[[Fat Margaret#Fat Margaret|Fat Margaret]]'' cannon tower, also in Tallinn.<ref name="grove3">{{cite book |editor-last= Campbell|editor-first= Gordon |title= The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art |year= 2009|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 9780195334661|volume=1|pages=601–602}}</ref>

Latvian Renaissance architecture was influenced by Polish-Lithuanian and Dutch style, with [[Mannerism]] following from [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] without intermediaries. [[St. John's Church, Riga|St. John's Church]] in the Latvian capital of [[Riga]] is an example of an earlier Gothic church which was reconstructed in 1587–89 by the Dutch architect Gert Freze (Joris Phraeze). The prime example of Renaissance architecture in Latvia is the heavily decorated [[House of the Blackheads (Riga)|House of the Blackheads]], rebuilt from an earlier Medieval structure into its present Mannerist forms as late as 1619–25 by the architects A. and L. Jansen. It was destroyed during World War II and rebuilt during the 1990s.<ref name="grove">{{cite book |editor-last= Campbell|editor-first= Gordon |title= The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art |year= 2009|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 9780195334661|volume=2|page=441}}</ref>

[[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]] meanwhile formed a large dual state with [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]], known as the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Renaissance influences grew stronger during the reign of [[Sigismund I the Old]] and [[Sigismund II Augustus]]. The [[Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania]] (destroyed in 1801, a copy built in 2002–2009) show Italian influences. Several architects of Italian origin were active in the country, including [[Bernardino Zanobi de Gianotis]], [[Giovanni Cini]] and [[Giovanni Maria Mosca]].<ref name="grove2">{{cite book |editor-last= Campbell|editor-first= Gordon |title= The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art |year= 2009|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 9780195334661|volume=2|pages=486–487}}</ref>