Editing Prosthesis (section)

===Low-cost===
{{See also|3D printing}}
Low-cost above-knee prostheses often provide only basic structural support with limited function. This function is often achieved with crude, non-articulating, unstable, or manually locking knee joints. A limited number of organizations, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), create devices for developing countries. Their device which is manufactured by CR Equipments is a single-axis, manually operated locking polymer prosthetic knee joint.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/p0868/$File/Eng-Transfemoral.pdf |title=ICRC: Trans-Femoral Prosthesis&nbsp;– Manufacturing Guidelines |access-date=2010-10-03}}</ref>

Table. List of knee joint technologies based on the literature review.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name of technology (country of origin) !!  Brief description !! Highest level of
evidence
|-
| ICRC knee (Switzerland) || Single-axis with manual lock || Independent field
|-
| ATLAS knee (UK) || Weight-activated friction || Independent field
|-
| POF/OTRC knee (US) || Single-axis with ext. assist || Field
|-
| DAV/Seattle knee (US) || Compliant polycentric || Field
|-
| LIMBS International M1 knee (US) || Four-bar || Field
|-
| JaipurKnee (India) || Four-bar || Field
|-
| LCKnee (Canada) || Single-axis with automatic lock || Field
|-
| None provided (Nepal) || Single-axis || Field
|-
| None provided (New Zealand) || Roto-molded single-axis || Field
|-
| None provided (India) || Six-bar with squatting || Technical development
|-
| Friction knee (US) || Weight-activated friction || Technical development
|-
| Wedgelock knee (Australia) || Weight-activated friction || Technical development
|-
| SATHI friction knee (India) || Weight-activated friction || Limited data available
|}

[[File:Low cost prosthetic limbs.jpg|thumb|Low-cost above-knee prosthetic limbs: ICRC Knee (left) and LC Knee (right)]]

A plan for a low-cost artificial leg, designed by Sébastien Dubois, was featured at the 2007 International Design Exhibition and award show in Copenhagen, Denmark, where it won the [[Index: Award]]. It would be able to create an energy-return prosthetic leg for US [[United States dollar|$]]8.00, composed primarily of [[fiberglass]].<ref>[http://www.indexaward.dk/2007/default.asp?id=706&show=nomination&nominationid=163&playmovie=wmv INDEX:2007 INDEX: AWARD] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202173652/http://www.indexaward.dk/2007/default.asp?id=706&show=nomination&nominationid=163&playmovie=wmv |date=February 2, 2009 }}</ref>

Prior to the 1980s, foot prostheses merely restored basic walking capabilities. These early devices can be characterized by a simple artificial attachment connecting one's residual limb to the ground.

The introduction of the Seattle Foot (Seattle Limb Systems) in 1981 revolutionized the field, bringing the concept of an Energy Storing Prosthetic Foot (ESPF) to the fore. Other companies soon followed suit, and before long, there were multiple models of energy storing prostheses on the market. Each model utilized some variation of a compressible heel. The heel is compressed during initial ground contact, storing energy which is then returned during the latter phase of ground contact to help propel the body forward.

Since then, the foot prosthetics industry has been dominated by steady, small improvements in performance, comfort, and marketability.

With [[3D printing|3D printers]], it is possible to manufacture a single product without having to have metal [[Molding (process)|molds]], so the costs can be drastically reduced.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nagata |first=Kazuaki |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/05/10/national/science-health/robot-arm-startup-taps-3-d-printers-in-quest-to-make-prosthetics-affordable/ |title=Robot arm startup taps 3-D printers in quest to make prosthetics affordable |publisher=Japantimes.co.jp |date=2015-05-10 |access-date=2016-12-28|newspaper=The Japan Times Online }}</ref>

''[[Jaipur foot]]'', an artificial limb from [[Jaipur]], [[India]], costs about US$40.