Editing Ozone (section)

===Industry===
The largest use of ozone is in the preparation of [[pharmaceuticals]], [[synthetic lubricants]], and many other commercially useful [[organic compounds]], where it is used to sever [[carbon]]-carbon bonds.<ref name=brown/> It can also be used for [[bleach (chemical)|bleaching]] substances and for killing microorganisms in air and water sources.<ref>{{cite web |work=Ozone Information |title=Ozone and Color Removal |url=http://www.ozonesolutions.com/Ozone_Color_Removal.html |access-date=2009-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715031645/http://www.ozonesolutions.com/Ozone_Color_Removal.html |archive-date=2011-07-15}}</ref> Many municipal drinking water systems kill bacteria with ozone instead of the more common [[chlorine]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hoigné |first=J. |title=Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 5 part C |pages=83–141 |year=1998 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=Berlin}}</ref> Ozone has a very high [[oxidation potential]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Oxidation Potential of Ozone |work=Ozone-Information.com |url=http://www.ozone-information.com/Oxidation_Potential_Ozone.html |access-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419034421/http://www.ozone-information.com/Oxidation_Potential_Ozone.html |archive-date=2008-04-19}}</ref> Ozone does not form [[organochlorine]] compounds, nor does it remain in the water after treatment. Ozone can form the suspected carcinogen [[bromate]] in source water with high [[bromide]] concentrations. The U.S. [[Safe Drinking Water Act]] mandates that these systems introduce an amount of chlorine to maintain a minimum of 0.2&nbsp;μmol/mol residual [[free chlorine]] in the pipes, based on results of regular testing. Where [[electric power|electrical power]] is abundant, ozone is a cost-effective method of treating water, since it is produced on demand and does not require transportation and storage of hazardous chemicals. Once it has decayed, it leaves no taste or odour in drinking water.

Although low levels of ozone have been advertised to be of some disinfectant use in residential homes, the concentration of ozone in dry air required to have a rapid, substantial effect on airborne pathogens exceeds safe levels recommended by the U.S. [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] and [[Environmental Protection Agency]]. Humidity control can vastly improve both the killing power of the ozone and the rate at which it decays back to oxygen (more humidity allows more effectiveness). [[Spore]] forms of most pathogens are very tolerant of atmospheric ozone in concentrations at which asthma patients start to have issues.

In 1908 artificial ozonisation of the [[Central line (London Underground)|Central Line]] of the [[London Underground]] was introduced for aerial disinfection. The process was found to be worthwhile, but was phased out by 1956. However the beneficial effect was maintained by the ozone created incidentally from the electrical discharges of the train motors (see above: [[#Incidental production|Incidental production]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Postgate |first1=J. R. |title=Microbes and man |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-41259-9 |page=97 |edition=3rd}}</ref>

Ozone generators were made available to schools and universities in Wales for the Autumn term 2021, to disinfect classrooms after [[COVID-19]] outbreaks.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weaver |first1=Matthew |title=Concerns over plan to use ozone to disinfect classrooms in Wales |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=30 August 2021 |language=en |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/aug/30/concerns-over-plan-to-disinfect-classrooms-in-wales-with-ozone}}</ref>

Industrially, ozone is used to:
* Disinfect laundry in hospitals, food factories, care homes, etc.<ref>{{cite web |title=Decontamination: Ozone scores on spores |date=2007-04-01 |work=Hospital Development |publisher=Wilmington Media Ltd. |url=http://www.hdmagazine.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=2043080 |access-date=2007-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929000438/http://www.hdmagazine.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=2043080 |archive-date=2007-09-29}}</ref>
* Disinfect water in place of chlorine<ref name=brown/>
* [[Deodorize]] air and objects, such as after a fire. This process is extensively used in [[fabric restoration]].
* Kill bacteria on food or on contact surfaces<ref name="food"/>
* Water intense industries such as [[breweries]] and [[dairy]] plants can make effective use of dissolved ozone as a replacement for chemical sanitizers such as [[peracetic acid]], [[hypochlorite]] or heat.
* Disinfect [[cooling tower]]s and control [[Legionella]] with reduced chemical consumption and water bleed-off, and increased performance.
* Sanitize swimming pools and spas
* Kill insects in stored grain<ref>{{cite news |title=Ozone may provide environmentally safe protection for grains |date=January 30, 2003 |publisher=Purdue News |author=Steeves, Susan A. |url=http://news.uns.purdue.edu/UNS/html4ever/030130.Mason.ozone.html}}</ref>
* Scrub yeast and mold spores from the air in food processing plants
* Wash fresh fruits and vegetables to kill yeast, mold, and bacteria<ref name="food"/>
* Chemically attack contaminants in water ([[iron]], [[arsenic]], [[hydrogen sulfide]], [[nitrite]]s, and complex organics lumped together as "colour")
* Provide an aid to [[flocculation]] (agglomeration of molecules, which aids in filtration, where the iron and arsenic are removed);
* Manufacture chemical compounds via chemical synthesis<ref>{{cite web |title=Chemical Synthesis with Ozone |work=Ozone-Information.com |url=http://www.ozone-information.com/Chemical_Synthesis_Ozone.html |access-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410114619/http://www.ozone-information.com/Chemical_Synthesis_Ozone.html |archive-date=2008-04-10}}</ref>
* Clean and bleach fabrics (the former use is utilized in fabric restoration; the latter use is patented)<ref>{{cite web |title=Clean and bleach fabrics by ozone |url=http://www.ifatcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/E13.-PERINCEK.pdf}}</ref>
* Act as an [[antichlor]] in chlorine-based bleaching
* Assist in processing plastics to allow adhesion of inks
* Age rubber samples to determine the useful life of a batch of rubber
* Eradicate water-borne parasites such as ''[[Giardia lamblia]]'' and ''[[Cryptosporidium]]'' in surface water treatment plants.

Ozone is a [[reagent]] in many [[organic reactions]] in the laboratory and in industry. [[Ozonolysis]] is the cleavage of an [[alkene]] to [[carbonyl]] compounds.

Many hospitals around the world use large ozone generators to decontaminate operating rooms between surgeries. The rooms are cleaned and then sealed airtight before being filled with ozone which effectively kills or neutralizes all remaining bacteria.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Boer |first1=Hero E. L. |last2=van Elzelingen-Dekker |first2=Carla M. |last3=van Rheenen-Verberg |first3=Cora M. F. |last4=Spanjaard |first4=Lodewijk |title=Use of Gaseous Ozone for Eradication of Methicillin-Resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' From the Home Environment of a Colonized Hospital Employee |journal=Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology |volume=27 |issue=10 |pages=1120–1122 |date=October 2006 |jstor=507966 |pmid=17006820 |doi=10.1086/507966 |s2cid=11627160}}</ref>

Ozone is used as an alternative to [[chlorine]] or [[chlorine dioxide]] in the [[bleaching of wood pulp]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sjöström |first=Eero |title=Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications |year=1993 |publisher=Academic Press, Inc. |location=San Diego, CA |isbn=978-0-12-647481-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv3xcS6eS5QC&pg=PA187}}</ref> It is often used in conjunction with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide to eliminate the need for chlorine-containing compounds in the manufacture of high-quality, white [[paper]].<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Su
|first1=Yu-Chang
|last2=Chen
|first2=Horng-Tsai
|title=Enzone Bleaching Sequence and Color Reversion of Ozone-Bleached Pulps
|journal=Taiwan Journal of Forest Science
|volume=16
|issue=2
|pages=93–102
|year=2001
|url=http://www.tfri.gov.tw/enu/pub_science_in.aspx?pid=339&catid0=37&catid1=64&pg0=&pg1=1
|access-date=2007-08-31
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014002621/http://www.tfri.gov.tw/enu/pub_science_in.aspx?pid=339&catid0=37&catid1=64&pg0=&pg1=1
|archive-date=2010-10-14
}}</ref>

Ozone can be used to detoxify [[cyanide]] wastes (for example from [[gold]] and [[silver]] [[mining]]) by oxidizing cyanide to [[cyanate]] and eventually to [[carbon dioxide]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bollyky |first=L. J. |title=Ozone Treatment of Cyanide-Bearing Wastes, EPA Report 600/2-77-104 |year=1977 |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |location=Research Triangle Park, N.C.}}</ref>