Editing Neoliberalism (section)

=== Imperialism ===
A number of scholars have alleged neoliberalism encourages or covers for [[imperialism]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Spector |first1=Alan J. |title=Globalization or Imperialism? Neoliberal Globalization in the Age of Capitalist Imperialism |journal=[[International Review of Modern Sociology]] |date=2007 |volume=33 |pages=7–26 |jstor=41421286}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hahn |first1=Niels S.C. |title=Neoliberal Imperialism and Pan-African Resistance |journal=[[Journal of World-Systems Research]] |date=2007 |volume=13 |issue=2 |url=https://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/354 |access-date=June 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Godfrey |first1=Richard |title=The private military industry and neoliberal imperialism: Mapping the terrain |journal=[[Organization (journal)|Organization]] |volume=21 |pages=106–125 |date=January 3, 2013 |s2cid=145260433 |doi=10.1177/1350508412470731 |hdl=2381/27608 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/62351/1/62351.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107192548/http://oro.open.ac.uk/62351/1/62351.pdf |archive-date=2019-11-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> For instance, Ruth J Blakeley, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the [[University of Sheffield]], accuses the United States and its allies of fomenting [[state terrorism]] and mass killings during the [[Cold War]] as a means to buttress and promote the expansion of [[capitalism]] and neoliberalism in the developing world.<ref name="Blakeley">{{cite book |last=Blakeley |first=Ruth |date=2009 |title=State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South |url=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415462402/ |publisher=[[Routledge]] |pages=4, 20–23, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rft8AgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA92&pg=PA85#v=onepage&q&f=false 85–96]|isbn=978-0415686174}}</ref> As an example of this, Blakeley says the case of Indonesia demonstrates that the U.S. and the UK put the interests of capitalist [[elite]]s over the [[human rights]] of hundreds of thousands of Indonesians by supporting the [[Indonesian Army]] as it waged a [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66|campaign of mass killings]], which resulted in the annihilation of the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] and its civilian supporters.<ref name="Blakeley"/> Historian Bradley R. Simpson posits that this campaign of mass killings was "an essential building block of the neoliberal policies that the West would attempt to impose on Indonesia after Sukarno's ouster."<ref>{{cite book |last=Simpson |first=Bradley |date=2010 |title=Economists with Guns: Authoritarian Development and U.S.–Indonesian Relations, 1960–1968 |url=https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=7853 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |page=193 |isbn=978-0804771825 |quote="Washington did everything in its power to encourage and facilitate the army-led massacre of alleged PKI members, and U.S. officials worried only that the killing of the party's unarmed supporters might not go far enough, permitting Sukarno to return to power and frustrate the [Johnson] Administration's emerging plans for a post-Sukarno Indonesia. This was efficacious terror, an essential building block of the neoliberal policies that the West would attempt to impose on Indonesia after Sukarno's ouster"}}</ref>
Geographer [[David Harvey]] argues neoliberalism encourages an indirect form of imperialism that focuses on the extraction of resources from developing countries via financial mechanisms.{{sfnp|Harvey|2005|pp=73–74}}

This is practiced through international institutions like the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) and [[World Bank]] who negotiate debt relief with developing nations. He alleges that these institutions prioritize the financial institutions that grant the loans over the debtor countries and place requirements on loans that, in effect, act as financial flows from debtor countries to developed countries (for example, to receive a loan a state must have sufficient foreign exchange reserves—requiring the debtor state to buy US Treasury bonds, which have interest rates lower than those on the loan). Economist [[Joseph Stiglitz]], [[Chief Economist of the World Bank]] from 1997 to 2000, has said of this: "What a peculiar world in which poor countries are in effect subsidizing the richest."{{sfnp|Harvey|2005|p=74}}