Editing Midwestern United States (section)

=== Music ===
[[File:Hitsville USA.jpg|thumb|The [[Hitsville U.S.A.]] building in [[Detroit]] was the first headquarters and studio of [[Motown]], which played an important role in the [[racial integration]] of [[popular music]].]]
The heavy German immigration played a major role in establishing musical traditions, especially choral and orchestral music.<ref>Philip Vilas Bohlman ([[Philip Bohlman]]) and [[Otto Holzapfel]], ''Land without nightingales: music in the making of German-America'' (German-American Cultural Society, 2002)</ref> Czech and German traditions combined to sponsor the polka.<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 540477|title = Czech- and German-American "Polka" Music|journal = The Journal of American Folklore|volume = 101|issue = 401|pages = 339–345|last1 = Leary|first1 = James P.|year = 1988|doi = 10.2307/540477}}</ref>

The Southern Diaspora of the 20th century saw more than twenty million Southerners [[Great Migration (African American)|move throughout the country]], many of whom moved into major Midwestern industrial cities such as Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and St. Louis.<ref>James N. Gregory, ''The Southern Diaspora: How the Great Migration of Black and White Southerners Transformed America''</ref> Along with them, they brought jazz to the Midwest, as well as [[blues]], [[bluegrass music|bluegrass]], and [[rock and roll]], with major contributions to [[jazz]], [[funk]], and [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], and even new subgenres such as the [[Motown]] Sound and [[techno]] from Detroit<ref>Lars Björn, ''Before Motown: a history of jazz in Detroit, 1920–60'' (2001).</ref> or [[house music]] from Chicago. In the 1920s, South Side Chicago was the base for [[Jelly Roll Morton]] (1890–1941). Kansas City developed [[Kansas City jazz|its own jazz style]].<ref>Ross Russell, ''Jazz style in Kansas City and the Southwest'' (1983)</ref>

The electrified [[Chicago blues]] sound exemplifies the genre, as popularized by record labels [[Chess Records|Chess]] and [[Alligator Records|Alligator]] and portrayed in film ''[[The Blues Brothers (film)|The Blues Brothers]]''.<ref>[https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/3f602ee7-57a8-5b44-a14a-4a743d739127/the-blues-brothers   The Blues Brothers] BFI Retrieved 18 January 2024</ref>

[[Rock and roll]] music was first identified as a new genre in 1951 by [[Cleveland]] [[disc jockey]] [[Alan Freed]] who began playing this music style while popularizing the term "rock and roll" to describe it.<ref name="Turning Points">{{cite book|last=Bordowitz|first=Hank|title=Turning Points in Rock and Roll|year=2004|publisher=Citadel Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8065-2631-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/turningpointsinr0000bord/page/63 63]|url=https://archive.org/details/turningpointsinr0000bord/page/63}}</ref> By the mid-1950s, rock and roll emerged as a defined musical style in the United States, deriving most directly from the [[rhythm and blues]] music of the 1940s, which itself developed from earlier [[blues]], [[boogie woogie]], [[jazz]], and [[swing music]], and was also influenced by [[gospel music|gospel]], [[country music|country and western]], and traditional [[folk music]]. Freed's contribution in identifying rock as a new genre helped establish the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]], located in Cleveland. [[Chuck Berry]], a Midwesterner from St. Louis, influenced many other rock musicians.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39319988  Chuck Berry] BBC Retrieved 18 January 2024</ref>

[[File:Kansas_city_(16778782291).jpg|thumb|[[Downtown Kansas City]] looking over [[Union Station (Kansas City)|Union Station]] ]]
Since the founding of rock 'n' roll music, an uncountable number of rock, soul, R&B, hip-hop, dance, blues, and jazz acts have emerged from Chicago onto the global and national music scene. Detroit has greatly contributed to the international music scene as a result of being the original home of the legendary [[Motown Records]]. Notable soul and R&B musicians associated with Motown that had their origins in the area include [[Aretha Franklin]], [[the Supremes]], [[Mary Wells]], [[Four Tops]], [[the Jackson 5]], [[The Miracles|Smokey Robinson & the Miracles]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[the Marvelettes]], [[the Temptations]], and [[Martha and the Vandellas]]. These artists achieved their greatest success in the 1960s and 1970s.

Midwest music fans loved country music, [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[arena rock]], [[heartland rock]], and TOP 40. In the 1970s and 1980s, native Midwestern musicians such as [[Bob Seger]], [[John Mellencamp]] and [[Warren Zevon]] found great success with a style of rock music that came to be known as [[heartland rock]], characterized by lyrical themes that focused on and appealed to the Midwestern working class. Other successful Midwestern rock artists emerged during this time, including [[REO Speedwagon]] (Illinois), [[Styx (band)|Styx]] (Illinois), and [[Kansas (band)|Kansas]].

[[Prince (musician)|Prince]], [[The Time (band)|The Time]], [[Morris Day]], [[Jesse Johnson (musician)|Jesse Johnson]], [[Alexander O'Neal]], [[The Family (band)|The Family]] (USA), St. Paul ([[Paul Peterson]]), [[Apollonia 6]], [[Vanity 6]], Sheila E., and [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]] recorded [[Minneapolis sound]].<ref>[https://www.popmatters.com/94060-the-minneapolis-sound-2496026723.html Prince and Minneapolis sound] Popmatters.com  Retrieved 18 January 2024</ref>

[[House Music]], the first form of [[Electronic Dance Music]], had its beginning in Chicago in the early 1980s, and by the late 1980s and the early 1990s house music had become popular on an international scale. House artists such as [[Frankie Knuckles]], [[Marshall Jefferson]] released many house music records. With the creation of house music in the city of Chicago, the first form of the globally popular electronic dance music genre was created. [[Techno]] had its start in Detroit in the late 1980s and early 1990s with techno pioneers such as [[Juan Atkins]], [[Derrick May (musician)|Derrick May]], and [[Kevin Saunderson]]. The genre, while popular in America, became much more popular overseas such as in Europe.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/13/magazine/letter-of-recommendation-detroit-techno.html |title = Letter of Recommendation: Detroit Techno|newspaper = The New York Times|date = July 13, 2017|last1 = Haider|first1 = Shuja}}</ref>

Numerous [[classical music|classical]] [[composer]]s live and have lived in midwestern states, including [[Easley Blackwood, Jr.|Easley Blackwood]], [[Kenneth Gaburo]], [[Salvatore Martirano]], and [[Ralph Shapey]] (Illinois); [[Glenn Miller]] and [[Meredith Willson]] (Iowa); [[Leslie Bassett]], [[William Bolcom]], [[Michael Daugherty]], and [[David Gillingham]] (Michigan); [[Donald Erb]] (Ohio); [[Dominick Argento]] and [[Stephen Paulus]] (Minnesota).