Editing Malaria (section)

===After 1969===
[[File:World-map-of-past-and-current-malaria-prevalence-world-development-report-2009.png|thumb|upright=1.3|right|Regions where malaria has been eliminated {{as of|2009|lc=y}}]]

Target 6C of the [[Millennium Development Goals]] included reversal of the global increase in malaria incidence by 2015, with specific targets for children under five years old.<ref name="Sato-2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sato S | title = Plasmodium-a brief introduction to the parasites causing human malaria and their basic biology | journal = Journal of Physiological Anthropology | volume = 40 | issue = 1 | pages = 1 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 33413683 | pmc = 7792015 | doi = 10.1186/s40101-020-00251-9 | doi-access = free }}</ref>  Since 2000, support for malaria eradication increased, although some actors in the global health community (including voices within the WHO) view malaria eradication as a premature goal and suggest that the establishment of strict deadlines for malaria eradication may be counterproductive as they are likely to be missed.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Enserink M |title=Is setting a deadline for eradicating malaria a good idea? Scientists are divided |journal=Science |date=29 March 2021 |doi=10.1126/science.aaz2906 }}</ref> One of the targets of [[Sustainable Development Goal 3|Goal 3]] of the [[United Nations|UN]]'s [[Sustainable Development Goals]] is to end the malaria epidemic in all countries by 2030.

In 2006, the organization [[Malaria No More]] set a public goal of eliminating malaria from Africa by 2015, and the organization claimed they planned to dissolve if that goal was accomplished. In 2007, [[World Malaria Day]] was established by the 60th session of [[World Health Assembly|the World Health Assembly]]. As of 2018, they are still functioning.<ref name="Strom-2011"/> 
[[File:Malaria Eradication- Back to the Future.webm|thumb|Video recording of a set of presentations given in 2010 about humanity's efforts towards malaria eradication]]

{{As of|2012}}, [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria|The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria]] has distributed 230&nbsp;million insecticide-treated nets intended to stop mosquito-borne transmission of malaria.<ref name="Global Fund"/> The U.S.-based [[Clinton Foundation]] has worked to manage demand and stabilize prices in the artemisinin market.<ref name="Schoofs-2008"/> Other efforts, such as the Malaria Atlas Project, focus on analysing climate and weather information required to accurately predict malaria spread based on the availability of habitat of malaria-carrying parasites.<ref name="Guerra-2007"/> The [[Malaria Policy Advisory Committee]] (MPAC) of the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) was formed in 2012, "to provide strategic advice and technical input to WHO on all aspects of malaria control and elimination".<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive summary and key points|url=https://www.who.int/entity/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2013/wmr13_summary_key_points.pdf?ua=1|work=World Malaria Report 2013|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=13 February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091723/http://www.who.int/entity/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2013/wmr13_summary_key_points.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

In 2015 the WHO targeted a 90% reduction in malaria deaths by 2030,<ref name="Fletcher-2019" /> and [[Bill Gates]] said in 2016 that he thought global eradication would be possible by 2040.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/public-health-threats-and-pandemics/can-malaria-eradicated/p38243 |title=Can Malaria Be Eradicated? | vauthors = Radwick D |date=October 5, 2016 |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005201520/http://www.cfr.org/public-health-threats-and-pandemics/can-malaria-eradicated/p38243 |archive-date=October 5, 2016 }}</ref> According to the WHO's World Malaria Report 2015, the global mortality rate for malaria fell by 60% between 2000 and 2015. The WHO targeted a further 90% reduction between 2015 and 2030,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/malaria/media/world-malaria-report-2015/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217125416/http://www.who.int/malaria/media/world-malaria-report-2015/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 17, 2015 |title=Fact Sheet: World Malaria Report 2015 |date=9 December 2015}}</ref> with a 40% reduction and eradication in 10 countries by 2020.{{sfn|WHO|2020|p={{page needed|date=July 2024}}}} However, the 2020 goal was missed with a slight increase in cases compared to 2015.<ref name="WHO-2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2020|title=World Malaria Report 2020|website=www.who.int|access-date=2021-05-26|archive-date=2022-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325191334/https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, UNICEF reported that the number of malaria deaths for all ages increased by 10% between 2019 and 2020, in part due to service disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, before experiencing a minor decline in 2021.<ref name="UNICEF DATA-2"/>

Before 2016, the Global Fund against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria had provided 659 million ITN (insecticide treated bed nets), organise support and education to prevents malaria. The challenges are high due to the lack of funds, the fragile health structure and the remote indigenous population that could be hard to reach and educate. Most of indigenous population rely on self-diagnosis, self-treatment, healer, and traditional medicine. The WHO applied for fund to the Gates Foundation which favour the action of malaria eradication in 2007.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chandler CI, Beisel U | title = The Anthropology of Malaria: Locating the Social | journal = Medical Anthropology | volume = 36 | issue = 5 | pages = 411–421 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28318308 | doi = 10.1080/01459740.2017.1306858 }}</ref> Six countries, the United Arab Emirates, Morocco, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Sri Lanka managed to have no endemic cases of  malaria for three consecutive years and certified malaria-free by the WHO despite the stagnation of the funding in 2010.<ref name="Sato-2021"/> The funding is essential to finance the cost of medication and hospitalisation cannot be supported by the poor countries where the disease is widely spread. The goal of eradication has not been met; nevertheless, the decrease rate of the disease is considerable.

While 31 out of 92 endemic countries were estimated to be on track with the WHO goals for 2020, 15 countries reported an increase of 40% or more between 2015 and 2020.<ref name="WHO-2020"/> Between 2000 and 30 June 2021, twelve countries were certified by the WHO as being malaria-free.  Argentina and Algeria were declared free of malaria in 2019.<ref name="WHO-2020"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/22-05-2019-algeria-and-argentina-certified-malaria-free-by-who|title=Algeria and Argentina certified malaria-free by WHO|website=www.who.int|access-date=2021-11-26|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126175642/https://www.who.int/news/item/22-05-2019-algeria-and-argentina-certified-malaria-free-by-who|url-status=live}}</ref> El Salvador and China were declared malaria-free in the first half of 2021.<ref><!-- Eliminating malaria: 21 countries, a common goal -->{{cite Q|Q108595589}}</ref><ref name="World Health Organization-2021b"><!-- From 30 million cases to zero: China is certified malaria-free by WHO -->{{cite Q|Q108595181}}.</ref>

Regional disparities were evident: [[Southeast Asia]] was on track to meet WHO's 2020 goals, while Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean and West Pacific regions were off-track.<ref name="WHO-2020"/>  The six [[Greater Mekong Subregion]] countries aim for elimination of [[Plasmodium falciparum|''P. falciparum'']] transmitted malaria by 2025 and elimination of all malaria by 2030, having achieved a 97% and 90% reduction of cases respectively since 2000.<ref name="WHO-2020"/> Ahead of [[World Malaria Day]], 25 April 2021, WHO named 25 countries in which it is working to eliminate malaria by 2025 as part of its E-2025 initiative.<ref>{{cite Q|Q108595714}}<!-- Zeroing in on Malaria Elimination: Final report of the E-2020 initiative--></ref>

A major challenge to malaria elimination is the persistence of malaria in border regions, making international cooperation crucial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20190925-the-race-to-stamp-out-malaria-along-the-bhutan-india-border|title=The tiny kingdom fighting an epidemic|vauthors=Ro C|date=26 September 2019|website=BBC Future|access-date=2019-09-30|archive-date=2019-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008121056/http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20190925-the-race-to-stamp-out-malaria-along-the-bhutan-india-border|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, WHO announced that Paraguay was free of malaria, after a national malaria eradication effort that began in 1950.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/11-06-2018-who-certifies-paraguay-malaria-free|title=WHO certifies Paraguay malaria-free|date=11 June 2018|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|access-date=17 June 2018|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615064837/http://www.who.int/news-room/detail/11-06-2018-who-certifies-paraguay-malaria-free|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2023, the WHO certified Azerbaijan and Tajikistan as malaria-free,<ref name="WHO-2023a">{{Cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/29-03-2023-who-certifies-azerbaijan-and-tajikistan-as-malaria-free/ |title=WHO certifies Azerbaijan and Tajikistan as malaria-free |date=2023-03-29 |access-date=2023-06-22 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |archive-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621145120/https://www.who.int/news/item/29-03-2023-who-certifies-azerbaijan-and-tajikistan-as-malaria-free |url-status=live }}</ref> and Belize in June 2023.<ref name="WHO-2023b">{{Cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/21-06-2023-belize-certified-malaria-free-by-who |title=Belize certified malaria-free by WHO |date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-22 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |archive-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621210912/https://www.who.int/news/item/21-06-2023-belize-certified-malaria-free-by-who |url-status=live }}</ref>  Cabo Verde, the latest country to eradicate Malaria, was certified in January 2024, bringing the total number of countries and territories certified malaria-free to 44.<ref name="WHO-2024">{{Cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/12-01-2024-who-certifies-cabo-verde-as-malaria-free--marking-a-historic-milestone-in-the-fight-against-malaria |title=Who declares Cape Verde free of malaria |date=2024-01-12 |access-date=2024-01-13 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |archive-date=2024-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112232222/https://www.who.int/news/item/12-01-2024-who-certifies-cabo-verde-as-malaria-free--marking-a-historic-milestone-in-the-fight-against-malaria |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2024, the WHO certified Egypt to be malaria-free.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/20/historic-egypt-declared-malaria-free-by-the-world-health-organization|title='Historic': Egypt declared malaria free by the World Health Organization|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=20 October 2024|access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref>