Editing Leadership (section)

=== Measuring leadership ===
Measuring leadership has proven difficult and complex—even impossible.<ref>
{{cite book
 | title = Leadership in Action: A Text for U.S. Marine Corps Junior ROTC
 | year = 1974| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HfHNSOmUEcAC
 | location = Quantico, Virginia
 | publisher = Reserve Liaison and Training Branch, Education Center, Marine Corps Development and Education Command
 | page = 36
 | access-date = 21 April 2021
 | quote = It is impossible to measure leadership or judge a leader solely by observation of the leader himself. The real quality of leadership must be judged in relation to the behavior of the group.
}}</ref> Attempts to assess leadership performance via group performance bring in multifarious different factors. Different perceptions of leadership itself may lead to differing measuring methods.<ref>
{{cite book
 | last1 = Sells
 | first1 = S. B.
 | chapter = Abilities and Attributes of Leaders
 | title = Military Small Group Performance under Isolation and Stress - An annotated bibliography
 | year = 1961
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F2vlAAAAMAAJ
 | location = Fort Wainwright, Alaska
 | publisher = Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory (U.S.)
 | page = 23
 | access-date = 21 April 2021
 | quote = ...consideration is seldom given to the possibility that different types of leadership or status are measured when different criteria of leadership are used.
}}</ref> Nevertheless, leadership theoreticians have proven perversely reluctant to abandon the vague subjective qualitative popular concept of "leaders".<ref>{{cite book
 | year = 1976
 | title = Instructor's Guide for Introduction to Leadership Development: A Course Outline : Leadership Development
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hZXfAAAAMAAJ
 | volume = 3
 | location = Fort Benning, Georgia
 | publisher = United States Army Infantry School
 | publication-date = 1977
 | page = 7
 | access-date = 21 April 2021
 | quote =  ...the inability to uncover any universal leadership traits does not mean that they do not exist.}}</ref>